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Thus, it has recently become generally accepted that most plaque ruptures resulting in myocardial infarction occur in plaques that narrow the lumen diameter by 40% of the arterial cross section may be involved by plaque. The pathologist may see a plaque that constitutes, for example, 50% of the cross-sectional area.
MINOCA may be due to: coronary spasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction, plaque disruption, spontaneous coronary thrombosis/emboli , and coronary dissection; myocardial disorders, including myocarditis, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and other cardiomyopathies. This is in spite of the known proclivity of tighter stenoses to thrombose.
The LM has an irregular 30% distal stenosis, followed by an 80% ostial LAD stenosis, and total occlusion of the LAD proximally with TIMI grade 1 flow in the distal vessel. The LCX demonstrates an ostial 80% stenosis prior to the bifurcation of a large OM artery. A large Diagonal artery has subtotal occlusion proximally.
The risk of stroke recurrence among patients with ICAD-related stroke is the highest among those with confirmed stroke and stenosis ≥70%. In fact, the 1-year recurrent stroke rate of >20% among those with stenosis >70% is one of the highest rates among common causes of stroke.
Anaphylaxis leads to plaque rupture or erosion leading to acute myocardial infarction (type II) and acute coronary stent thrombosis (type III). Emergency coronary angiography showed coronary spasm and moderate lumen stenosis in the middle segment of left anterior descending artery (LAD).
To prove there is no plaque rupture, you need to do intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). An angiogram is a "lumenogram;" most plaque is EXTRALUMINAL!! One of the most common is rupture of a non-obstructive plaque, with thrombus formation and OMI that spontaneously lyses and leaves a wide open artery. It can only be seen by IVUS.
link] A 62 year old man with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and carotid artery stenosis called 911 at 9:30 in the morning with complaint of chest pain. Smith's comments in the May 19, 2020 post : — Non-obstructive coronary disease does not ne cessarily imply no plaque rupture with thrombus.
Category 1 : Sudden narrowing of a coronary artery due to ACS (plaque rupture with thrombosis and/or downstream showering of platelet-fibrin aggregates. elevated BP), but rather directly correlated with coronary obstruction (due to plaque rupture and thrombosis) and, potentially, stymied TIMI flow. Aortic Stenosis f.
The cardiologist called this 20% stenosis. Smith comment : a very high proportion of MINOCA are ruptured plaque with lysed thrombus. That plaque is at risk of thrombosing again. It is worthwhile remembering that the majority of plaques which rupture are non-obstructive before they ulcerate and thrombose.
If the arrest was caused by acute MI due to plaque rupture, then the diagnosis is MINOCA. Here is my comment on MINOCA: "Non-obstructive coronary disease" does not necessarily imply "no plaque rupture with thrombus." They often cannot even be recognized as culprits, as fissured or ulcerated plaque. myocarditis).
SMART 4 ( NCT04722250 ) studied patients with severe aortic stenosis and a small aortic annulus who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The primary non-inferiority endpoint was MACCE (a composite of cardiac death, MI, ischaemic stroke, stent thrombosis, or target vessel revascularisation).
History sounds concerning for ACS (could be critical stenosis, triple vessel), but differential also includes dissection, GI bleed, etc. 2 cases of Aortic Stenosis: Diffuse Subendocardial Ischemia on the ECG. His response: “subendocardial ischemia. Anything more on history? POCUS will be helpful.” Left main? 3-vessel disease?
BACKGROUND:Sex-specific differences in plaque composition and instability underscore the need to explore circulating markers for better prediction of high-risk plaques. Plaque stability was determined by gold-standard histological classifications. Adipokine, lipid, and immune profiling was conducted.
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