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ECG Blog #448 — A Young Man with Chest Pain.

Ken Grauer, MD

Pericarditis is rare — but myocarditis is not , so especially in this age group — more information is needed to quickly determine if this could be an acute MI, myocarditis, or none of the above. Causation of Endothelial damage is another potential mechanism of acute MI in a younger patient.

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Abstract 4139677: A rare case of ventriculobronchial fistula caused by an epicardial defibrillator patch

Circulation

She had idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in 1992, treated with an EPD (Picture 1A), later replaced by a transvenous ICD.She was diagnosed with left femoral deep venous thrombosis and bilateral pulmonary embolism and started on therapeutic anticoagulation. However, patients with EPDs from the 1990s may present with delayed complications.

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A teenager with chest pain, a troponin below the limit of detection, and "benign early repolarization"

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Pericarditis? Other types of nonatherosclerotic potential causes of acute infarction in younger patients include systematic inflammatory disease (ie, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener granulomatosis ) — thrombosis not due to coronary disease (ie, endocarditis, coagulation disorders ) — pregnancy ( with its hypercoagulable state ).

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"The dye don't lie".except when it does. Angiogram Negative, or is it?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

You can easily imagine this patient getting one of several diagnoses -- vasospasm, MINOCA , pericarditis, or maybe even no diagnosis at all beyond "non-obstructive coronary artery disease." In a large proportion of cath labs, the operator would probably have ended the case at this point.

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A man in his 30s with cardiac arrest and STE on the post-ROSC ECG

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

As in all ischemia interpretations with OMI findings, the findings can be due to type 1 AMI (example: acute coronary plaque rupture and thrombosis) or type 2 AMI (with or without fixed CAD, with severe regional supply/demand mismatch essentially equaling zero blood flow). Submitted by a Med Student, with Great Commentary on Bias!