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A male in his 40's who had been discharged 6 hours prior after stenting of an inferoposterior STEMI had sudden severe SOB at home 2 hours prior to calling 911. Here is his ED ECG: There is sinus tachycardia. Is this acute STEMI? Is this an acute STEMI? -- Unlikely! He had no chest pain. The cath lab was activated.
Written by Willy Frick with edits by Ken Grauer A woman in her 70s with a history of hypertension presented with acute onset shortness of breath. The conventional machine algorithm interpreted this ECG as STEMI. It shows sinus tachycardia with right bundle branch block. When EMS found her, she was dyspneic and diaphoretic.
So this NSTEMI was likely a STEMI(-)OMI with delayed reperfusion. The patient was admitted as ‘NSTEMI’ which is supposed to represent a non-occlusive MI, but the underlying pathophysiology is analogous to a transient STEMI. See these posts: Chest Pain, ST Elevation, and an Elevated Troponin: Should we Activate the Cath Lab?
Sinus tachycardia has many potential causes. This is especially true for the elderly patient with sinus tachycardia. What is the cause of the sudden tachycardia? It has been estimated that in the aggregate, they occur at a rate of about 3 per 1000 patients with acute MI, and most of these events occur in patients with STEMI.
Written by Willy Frick A 67 year old man with a history of hypertension presented with three days of chest pain radiating to his back. The cardiologist agreed that the ECG was suggestive of STEMI, but the facility's cath lab was apparently not available and he therefore recommended emergent transfer to a cath capable facility.
The prehospital and ED computer interpretation was inferior STEMI: There’s normal sinus rhythm, first degree AV block and RBBB, normal axis and normal voltages. The paramedic notes called STEMI into question: “EMS disagree with monitor for STEMI callout. Past medical history included diabetes and hypertension.
His medical history includes hypertension, a decade-long battle with diabetes, ischemic heart disease, a coronary bypass graft surgery ten years ago, a diagnosis of congestive heart failure for the last five years, and a prior ICD implantation five years ago. What is the rhythm? Smith : Are they P-waves? That was also my initial concern.
Case submitted and written by Mazen El-Baba MD, with edits from Jesse McLaren and edits/comments by Smith and Grauer A 90-year old with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, presented with acute onset chest/epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. BP was 110 and oxygen saturation was normal.
A 56 year old male with a history of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and coronary artery disease presented to the emergency department with sudden onset weakness, fatigue, lethargy, and confusion. At 2111, the troponin I peaked at 12.252 ng/mL (this is in the range of STEMI patients, quite high).
The "criteria" for posterior STEMI are 0.5 Is it STEMI or NonSTEMI? The patient had no hypertension, no tachycardia, a normal hemoglobin, no drug use, no hypotension/shock, no murmur of aortic stenosis. The troponin I returned at 4.1 ng/mL (ULN = 0.030 ng/mL) , diagnostic of myocardial injury. mm STE in one lead.
Vital signs were noted to be unremarkable with respect to any hypo-hypertensive crisis, hypoxia, etc. He denied any known medical history, specifically: coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or any prior PCI/stent. Fire/EMS crews found him clammy and uncomfortable.
edits by Meyers A woman in her 60s with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation on Eliquis, ESRD on hemodialysis, type-II diabetes mellitus, prior CVA, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented to the emergency department with multiple complaints after missing dialysis. Is this inferor STEMI? Tachycardia and ST Elevation.
The Queen of Hearts correctly says: Smith : Why is this ECG which manifests so much ST Elevation NOT a STEMI (even if it were a 60 year old with chest pain)? In addition to sinus tachycardia, the only abnormalities listed by the computer were "low voltage, precordial leads" and "anteroseptal infarct, old.Q Physician: "No STEMI."
Case 2: sent by Dr. James Alva A man in his 50s with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented to the ED with chest pain and shortness of breath off and on over the past three days, with associated vomiting. There is also much STE in V3-V6, especially V4-V6, that must be considered to be STEMI. Peak troponin was 3.21
The patient stated he had a long history of well-controlled hypertension for which he was compliant with his ACE-inhibitor. C linically — the rhythm we see in the long lead II of ECG #3 behaves similar to MAT, even though there is no tachycardia. He was also treated for erectile dysfunction but had not taken any medications recently.
It was edited by Smith CASE : A 52-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension and COPD summoned EMS with complaints of chest pain, weakness and nausea. Clinical Course The paramedic activated a “Code STEMI” alert and transported the patient nearly 50 miles to the closest tertiary medical center. What do you see?
My L IST includes the following: i ) LVH with strain; ii ) Ischemia; iii ) Digoxin use; iv ) HypoKalemia and/or HypoMagnesemia; v ) Tachycardia; and , vi ) Any combination of i-thru-v. Does this patient have hypertension and/or heart failure that has worsened? Often more than one entity is operative as is likely in this case.
Here is his ED ECG: There is obvious infero-posterior STEMI. What are you worried about in addition to his STEMI? Comments: STEMI with hypokalemia, especially with a long QT, puts the patient at very high risk of Torsades or Ventricular fibrillation (see many references, with abstracts, below). There is atrial fibrillation.
He was hypertensive and tachycardic, with mildly increased work of breathing. The axiom of "type 1 (ACS, plaque rupture) STEMIs are not tachycardic unless they are in cardiogenic shock" is not applicable outside of sinus rhythm. 2) Tachycardia to this degree can cause ST segment changes in several ways.
Written by Bobby Nicholson, MD 67 year old male with history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to the Emergency Department via ambulance with midsternal nonradiating chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. and tachycardia, 1.8. What do you think? They found that S1Q3T3 had a Positive Likelihood Ratio of 3.7, incomplete RBBB 1.7
ACS QID 3103 A 64 year old Caucasian male with a history of extensive tobacco use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity presents with acute onset chest pain. His exam was notable for tachycardia, elevated jugular venous pressure, diffuse rales, and an early 2/6 systolic murmur loudest at the cardiac apex. Question 2.
Higher troponin correlated with more history of heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension, as well as higher D-dimer, and nearly all inflammatory markers. In a series of 18 patients with COVID and ST elevation, 8 were diagnosed with STEMI, 6 of whom had an angiogram and it showed obstructive coronary disease. Median age was 66.4
A 30-something woman with chest pain and h/o pulmonary hypertension due to chronic pulmonary emboli A 30-something with 8 hours of chest pain and an elevated troponin Syncope, Shock, AV block, Large RV, "Anterior" ST Elevation. Tachycardia is of course, quite common in patients following cardiac arrest.
pre-existing, stable atherosclerosis) amidst any state of global duress – to include hypertension, hypoxia, tachycardia, hypotension, sepsis, and GI bleed, for example. The patient was found to be hypertensive and treated accordingly. STEMI was activated and the patient went to Cath on arrival.
She had this ECG recorded: Obvious massive anterior STEMI She was quickly brought to the critical care area and the cath lab was activated. Here is the ECG at 25 minutes: Terrible LAD STEMI (+) OMI So a CT scan was done which of course showed a normal aorta. This time the Queen of Hearts interpreted: No STEMI or Equivalent.
A 69 year old woman with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department by EMS for evaluation of chest pain and shortness of breath. The status of the patients chest pain at this time is unknown : EKG 1, 1300: There is sinus tachycardia and artifact of low and high frequency. Also see these posts of Type II STEMI.
Written by Willy Frick A 52 year old man with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (a risk factor for CAD) presented with acute substernal chest pressure with diaphoresis which woke him from sleep just after midnight. Ventricular tachycardia?) He said it felt like "someone ripped [his] heart out."
This ECG was recorded: It is difficult to appreciate P-waves, but I believe this is sinus tachycardia. It is correct that he did not have chest pain, but we must remember that fully 1/3 of full blown STEMI do not present with chest pain. This is extremely elevated for a type 2 MI and totally consistent with STEMI.
He has a history of hypertension an d tobacco use. Smith comment: Approximately 33% of cases that everyone would call STEMI reperfuse spontaneously (TIMI-1, 2, 3 flow) before they undergo emergent angiogram (usually under 90 minute door to balloon time) 20% have TIMI-3 flow. He is otherwise healthy. What do you think?
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