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BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before endovascular treatment (EVT) has been investigated in randomized trials and meta-analyses. Although symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages occurred more often in the IVT group (4.8% Stroke, Ahead of Print. These studies mainly concerned anterior circulation occlusions.
The primary outcome measure was successful recanalization defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) score of 2b or higher. 90-day modified Rankin score (mRS) 0-2, mortality and symptomatic hemorrhage were used as secondary outcomes.
Successful recanalization was defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Score≥ 2b. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage within 24 hours and mortality at 90 days. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-3.
The primary efficacy end point was achievement of modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) reperfusion scores of ≥2b on first pass. There were no differences in distal emboli, or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. The total cohort was trichotomized into 3 groups (A, B, C) based on M1 tortuosity tertiles.
This has been termed a “STEMI equivalent” and included in STEMI guidelines, suggesting this patient should receive dual anti-platelets, heparin and immediate cath lab activation–or thrombolysis in centres where cath lab is not available. His response: “subendocardial ischemia. Anything more on history? POCUS will be helpful.”
Rescue treatment with stenting, balloon angioplasty, and/or intraarterial thrombolysis or antiplatelets are often required to treat the underlying stenosis. Additionally, patients undergoing stenting were less likely to have symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR 0.34, 95% CI [0.17 ‐ 0.67]; p = 0.002).
Outcomes included complications, NIHSS at discharge, final modified TICI (thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia) scores including the first‐pass effect (FPE, defined as mTICI 2c/3 after first pass), modified‐FPE (defined as, mTICI 2b‐3 after first pass), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SITS‐MOST definition), and death at discharge.
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