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Transesophageal echocardiogram

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Usual echocardiography with probe kept on the chest is difficult during open heart surgery as the chest wall is open. Using a device over the open chest is likely to affect the sterility of the procedure and lead to contamination and infections.

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Brachiocephalic Artery Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

It does not involve open heart surgery which is otherwise needed for surgical aortic valve replacement. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasing in popularity for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. But some patients with unhealthy femoral or iliac arteries need alternative approaches for TAVR.