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Link Between Clonal Hematopoiesis and Stroke in Carotid Stenosis

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

About a fifth of all ischemic strokes are attributed to embolization of ruptured atherosclerotic plaque from carotid arterial stenosis. But it has been difficult to predict which person with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is likely to progress to symptomatic carotid disease and stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.389.

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Surgical Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot and Sequelae

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

One is ventricular septal defect, second is overriding aorta, third is pulmonary stenosis, usually right ventricular outflow tract stenosis and associated right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary stenosis, which is usually right ventricular outflow tract stenosis. As the name implies, there are four defects.

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Biatrial Enlargement on Chest X-Ray PA View

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

So that is why we see straightening of left border, typically heard of in mitral stenosis with left atrial enlargement and mild pulmonary hypertension. When there is gross pulmonary hypertension, instead of these being straight over here, it will form a bulge over here.

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Evaluation of JVP

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

The Y descent is shallow in tricuspid stenosis, and absent in cardiac tamponade. Right atrial hypertrophy as in tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. But in a VSD with pulmonary hypertension A wave is not prominent. X descent, X prime descent and Y descent.

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Cardiology MCQ: Pulmonary hypertension by echo

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

If a nominal right atrial pressure of 10 mm Hg is added to it, right ventricular pressure and indirectly the pulmonary artery systolic pressure are obtained, in the absence of pulmonary stenosis. If there is high right atrial pressure with elevated jugular venous pressure, 15 or 20 mm Hg may have to be added instead of 10 mm Hg.