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Echocardiogram is an image of the heart using ultrasound. An ultrasound beam is transmitted into the body using a device known as transducer. The echo received from the body is processed by the computer in the machine to give an image of the heart.
The principle of Doppler is that the frequency of sound wave coming from an object which is moving towards the ultrasound probe increases while that from an object moving away from the probe decreases. Colour Doppler echocardiography receives the ultrasound signals reflected from moving red blood cells in the heart.
When the quantity is large enough to compress the heart, the person may feel breathless or dizzy because of a fall in blood pressure. Pericardial effusion is usually confirmed by an echocardiogram (ultrasound study of the heart). Infections of the heartvalves can also spread to the pericardium and cause pericardial effusion.
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General Cardiology 
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