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Written by Jesse McLaren A 70 year old with prior MIs and stents to LAD and RCA presented to the emergency department with 2 weeks of increasing exertional chest pain radiating to the left arm, associated with nausea. I sent this to the Queen of Hearts So the ECG is both STEMI negative and has no subtle diagnostic signs of occlusion.
Echo on the day after admission showed EF of 30-35% and antero-apical wall akinesis with an LV thrombus [these frequently form in complete or near complete (no early reperfusion) anterior STEMI because of akinesis/stasis] 2 more days later, this was recorded: ST elevation is still present. An open 90% LAD was stented.
Now it is a full blown STEMI of 3 myocardial territories: inferior, posterior, and lateral But at least it does not call it "Normal." Successful drug-eluting stent placement opening up 95% mid RCA stenosis to 0% residual Nonobstructive left system disease. At this point — a STEMI was diagnosed, and cardiac cath with PCI was performed.
Notice on the right side of the image how the algorithm correctly measures STE sufficient in V1 and V2 to meet STEMI criteria in a man older than age 40. As most would agree, this ECG shows highly specific findings of anterolateral OMI, even with STEMI criteria in this case. Thus, this is obvious STEMI(+) OMI until proven otherwise.
Precordial ST depression may be subendocardial ischemia or posterior STEMI. If you thought it might be a posterior STEMI, then you might have ordered a posterior ECG [change leads V4-V6 around to the back (V7-V9)]. So there was 3-vessel disease, but with an acute posterior STEMI. There is no ST elevation. See the list below.
This is diagnostic of inferior MI, though does not meet millimeter criteria for "STEMI." He was worried for inferior MI and ordered another, which was recorded 15 minutes later: Now clearly and obviously diagnostic of inferior STEMI. He was found to have a 100% circumflex lesion for which a bare metal stent was placed.
But because there was no new ST elevation, the ECG was signed off as “STEMI negative” and the patient waited to be seen. But the ECG still doesn’t meet STEMI criteria. It was therefore interpreted as “no STEMI” and the patient was treated with dual anti-platelets and referred to cardiology as “NSTEMI.” the cardiologist 5.
There is an obvious inferior posterior STEMI(+) OMI. Angiogram: Culprit Lesion (s): Thrombotic occlusion of the proximal RCA -- stented. Results Of 149 patients with inferior STEMI , 43 (29%) had RVMI and 106 (71%) did not. A 12-lead electrocardiogram, lead V4R , and leads V7-9 were recorded on admission.
The last section is a detailed discussion of the research on aVR in both STEMI and NonSTEMI. The additional ST Elevation in V1 is not usually seen with diffuse subendocardial ischemia, and suggests that something else, like STEMI from LAD occlusion, could be present. It was stented. If you want to understand aVR, read this.]
You've read in my previous posts that I have a lot of evidence that Wellens' represents spontaneously reperfused STEMI in which the STEMI went unrecorded. New ST elevation diagnostic of STEMI [equation value = 25.3 It was stented. This T-wave inversion morphology is very specific for Wellens' waves. Patel DJ, et al.
This worried the crew of potential acute coronary syndrome and STEMI was activated pre-hospital. As it currently stands, an ST/S ratio >15% should raise awareness for new anterior STEMI. A mid-LAD culprit lesion was identified and stented. Smith comment : V5 and V6 are excessively discordant!!!! Pacing Clin Electrophysiol.
They were stented. Emergent cardiac outcomes in patients with normal electrocardiograms in the emergency department. These include about 60 occlusion MI (OMI) with clear ST segment elevation (none of which would be called “Normal” by the computer) and about 165 Non-STEMI. The peak troponin was 1863 ng/L. Why not very very high?
The patient was then taken to the cath lab an found to have a proximal RCA 100% thrombotic occlusion which was successfully stented. 3) STEMI criteria failed to identify this acute coronary occlusion, like many others. Progression of V2 showing posterior involvement.
You will note that it is essentially an unremarkable electrocardiogram except for some PACS. Slow TIMI 2 initially with brisk flow status post percutaneous coronary intervention with 18mm drug-eluting stent. This raised our concerns that the findings on his initial one were real. In the available view, the RCA appears fully occluded.
The culprit lesion was opened and stented. Below is the post -PCI electrocardiogram. In the cath lab the patient was found to have a 100% occlusion of a small 1st marginal branch of the LCx. Initial high sensitivity Troponin T was 810ng/L, later peaking at 2333ng/L. The ST elevation in lead aVL has disappeared.
Smith , d and Muzaffer Değertekin a DIFOCCULT: DIagnostic accuracy oF electrocardiogram for acute coronary OCClUsion resuLTing in myocardial infarction. His first electrocardiogram ( ECG) is given below: --Sinus bradycardia. The lesion was successfully stented. As he seemed very agitated, fentanyl and diazepam were given.
Code STEMI was activated by the ED physician based on the diagnostic ECG for LAD OMI in ventricular paced rhythm. This was several months after the 2022 ACC Guidelines adding modified Sgarbossa criteria as a STEMI equivalent in ventricular paced rhythm). LAFB, atrial flutter, anterolateral STEMI(+) OMI. Limkakeng AT.
When total LM occlusion does present with STE in aVR, there is ALWAYS ST Elevation elsewhere which makes STEMI obvious; in other words, STE is never limited to only aVR but instead it is part of a massive and usually obvious STEMI. All are, however, clearly massive STEMI. This is her ECG: An obvious STEMI, but which artery?
It was treated with and dual "kissing balloons" and drug eluting stents. Here is the post stent ECG: There is greater than 50% resolution of ST elevation (all but diagnostic of successful reperfusion) and Terminal T-wave inversion (also highly suggestive of successful reperfusion). TIMI flow is 0. Door to balloon time was 51 minutes.
distal stent patent. PCI mid LCx So this is an OMI (Occlusion Myocardial Infarction), but not a STEMI Echo: Decreased left ventricular systolic performance, mild/moderate. This figure comes from the Diamond T study (all type 1 MI were NSTEMI, not STEMI): Notice that the 6 hour value (far right) is very low for type 2 MI.
STEMI was activated and the patient went to Cath on arrival. Advanced multi-vessel disease was found with stents deployed to the mid-LCx (80% stenosis), D1 (90% stensosis), and the pLAD (95% stenosis). New insights into the use of the 12 Lead Electrocardiogram for diagnosing Acute Myocardial Infarction in the emergency department.
The de Winter electrocardiogram pattern is an infrequent presentation, reported to occur in 2% to 3.4% This ECG pattern is my favorite example of how the STEMI criteria are fundamentally flawed. At cath there was a 100% proximal LAD occlusion, which was opened and stented. of patients with anterior myocardial infarction ( 1 ).
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