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Precordial ST depression may be subendocardial ischemia or posterior STEMI. I have warned in the past that one must think of other etiologies of ischemia when there is tachycardia. The OM-1 was opened and stented, then the LAD was stented 3 days later. There is no ST elevation. How can we tell the difference?
STE limited to aVR is due to diffuse subendocardial ischemia, but what of STE in both aVR and V1? The additional ST Elevation in V1 is not usually seen with diffuse subendocardial ischemia, and suggests that something else, like STEMI from LAD occlusion, could be present. Was this: 1) ACS with ischemia and spontaneous reperfusion?
Written by Jesse McLaren A 70 year old with prior MIs and stents to LAD and RCA presented to the emergency department with 2 weeks of increasing exertional chest pain radiating to the left arm, associated with nausea. But no ECG met STEMI criteria so the patient was referred to cardiology as Non-STEMI. Clin Cardiol 2022 4. McLaren and Smith.
There is appreciable STE aVR with near-global STD that appropriately maximizes in Leads II and V5, and thus suggesting a circumstance of generic, diffusely populated, circumferential subendocardial ischemia versus occlusive coronary thrombus. [1] STEMI was activated and the patient went to Cath on arrival.
Post by Smith and Meyers Sam Ghali ( [link] ) just asked me (Smith): "Steve, do left main coronary artery *occlusions* (actual ones with transmural ischemia) have ST Depression or ST Elevation in aVR?" That said, complete LM occlusion would be expected to have subepicardial ischemia (STE) in these myocardial territories: STE vector 1.
The ECG in the chart was read as "no obvious ST changes," (even though no previous ECG was available) and the formal read by the emergency physicians was: "ST deviation and moderated T-wave abnormality, consider lateral ischemia." It was stented. Comment: most T-wave inversion is nonspecific, but not these ones! Gottlieb SO, et al.
There is broad subendocardial ischemia as demonstrated by STE aVR with concomitant STD that almost appears appropriately maximal in Leads II and V5. There is LBBB-like morphology with persistent patterns of subendocardial ischemia. A mid-LAD culprit lesion was identified and stented. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 40; 1234-1241.
An open 90% LAD was stented. A 51 year old male with h/o stent presented with 30 minutes of chest pain: Obvious anterolateral very acute STEMI with hyperacute T-waves He went for immediate PCI, with successful reperfusion of a 100% occluded proximal LAD, and a door to balloon time of 35 minutes. The LAD has reperfused early.
The patient was then taken to the cath lab an found to have a proximal RCA 100% thrombotic occlusion which was successfully stented. Progression of V2 showing posterior involvement. The QRS-T-angle reflects depolarization–repolarization heterogeneity and might assist in diagnosis and prognosis of patients with suspected NSTEMI.
So the patient was taken for emergent cath, showing: Culprit artery: LAD (100% stenosis, TIMI 0) requiring thrombectomy and stent. EKG shown here: LAFB with no clear signs of OMI or ischemia. Queen of Hearts interpretation: Now the cardiologist considered it "STEMI"! No labs were performed. EKG and CT head were performed.
In other words, the inferior ST segments in the first ECG show more straightening which is more concerning for ischemia. The culprit lesion was opened and stented. Below is the post -PCI electrocardiogram. Most notably the ST depression in the inferior leads is slightly more upsloping.
It was treated with and dual "kissing balloons" and drug eluting stents. Here is the post stent ECG: There is greater than 50% resolution of ST elevation (all but diagnostic of successful reperfusion) and Terminal T-wave inversion (also highly suggestive of successful reperfusion). TIMI flow is 0. Door to balloon time was 51 minutes.
These findings are concerning for inferior wall ischemia with possible posterior wall involvement. You will note that it is essentially an unremarkable electrocardiogram except for some PACS. Slow TIMI 2 initially with brisk flow status post percutaneous coronary intervention with 18mm drug-eluting stent.
distal stent patent. Across both selected patient populations, the positive predictive value was highest in patients with chest pain, with ischaemia on the electrocardiogram, and with a history of ischaemic heart disease. Repeat ECG shows modest ST elevation in I and aVL and depression in inferior leads." The cath lab was activated.
The de Winter electrocardiogram pattern is an infrequent presentation, reported to occur in 2% to 3.4% At cath there was a 100% proximal LAD occlusion, which was opened and stented. Transient ischemia may lead to "stunning". of patients with anterior myocardial infarction ( 1 ). The ECG-to-balloon time was short, only 35minutes.
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