Tue.Aug 06, 2024

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Mechanisms and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Nature Reviews - Cardiology

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 07 August 2024; doi:10.1038/s41569-024-01064-4 In this Review, Ghofrani and colleagues discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, provide an overview of approved therapies and describe the predominantly non-vasodilatory drugs that are currently being tested in clinical trials.

Pulmonary 124
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Head Injuries Among Law Enforcement Linked to Depression, PTSD

HCPLive

A recent study found a high prevalence of head injuries among law enforcement officers may make them more prone to experiencing mental health issues.

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Eating more fruits and vegetables to reduce dietary acid lowers blood pressure and improves kidney and heart health in patients with hypertension

Science Daily - Heart Disease

Doctors recommend making fruits and vegetables a foundational part of the treatment of patients with hypertension. Diets high in fruits and vegetables are found to lower blood pressure, reduce cardiovascular risk, and improve kidney health due to their base-producing effects. A new study details the findings from a five-year interventional randomized control trial.

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Angela Moreland, PhD: Mass Shooting Ripple Effect on Community, PTSD Development

HCPLive

In an interview with HCPLive, Angela Moreland, MD, highlighted the largest takeaway from the study on the psychiatric impact of mass shootings on the greater community.

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Poor Physical Function Likely the Main Reason for Higher Fracture Risk in T2D

Med Page Today

(MedPage Today) -- Poor physical function appeared to be the primary reason for increased fracture risk in older women with type 2 diabetes, a prospective observational study suggested. According to Mattias Lorentzon, MD, PhD, of Sahlgrenska University.

Diabetes 101
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Trends in prognosis and use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Objective To explore trends in prognosis and use of glucose-lowering drugs (GLD) in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). Research design and methods All patients with diabetes and CAD undergoing a coronary angiography between 2010 and 2021 according to the Swedish Angiography and Angioplasty Registry were included. Information on GLD (dispended 6 months before or after coronary angiography) was collected from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry.

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Mazen Noureddin, MD, MHSc: Starting, Monitoring Treatment with Resmetirom

HCPLive

Noureddin reviews key considerations for starting, monitoring, and discontinuing treatment with resmetirom in patients with noncirrhotic MASH.

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Anemia Treatment Delays Not Linked to Renal Event Risk in CKD

HCPLive

Delayed anemia treatment with ESAs was not correlated with worse renal events but elevated the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

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Rates of Sudden Death After Myocardial Infarction—VALIANT and PARADISE-MI Trials

JAMA Cardiology

This secondary analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction (VALIANT) and Prospective ARNi vs ACE Inhibitor Trial to Determine Superiority in Reducing Heart Failure Events After MI (PARADISE-MI) randomized clinical trials investigates the changes over time in sudden death rate after myocardial infarction and the characteristics of people dying suddenly.

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Study Assesses the Impact of Chronic Refractory Gout on Daily Life

HCPLive

The most commonly reported symptoms were bodily pain, joint tenderness and swelling, and joint pain.

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Eligibility for Quadruple Therapy in Newly Diagnosed HFrEF

American College of Cardiology

What is the degree to which patients newly diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are eligible for quadruple medical therapy, and what are the projected benefits of in-hospital initiation?

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Emergency Department Use for Sickle Cell Declined at Onset of COVID-19

HCPLive

Emergency department utilization patterns in people with sickle cell disease were impacted by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 4 US states.

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A Guide to Valve-in-Valve TAVR: Key Points

American College of Cardiology

The following are key points to remember from a state-of-the-art guide to transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) design and systematic planning for a redo-TAV (TAV-in-TAV) procedure.

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Effect of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin on new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients treated with high-intensity statin therapy for coronary artery disease: a post-hoc analysis from the LODESTAR randomized clinical trial

Cardiovascular Diabetology

The impact of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin on new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) among patients treated with high-intensity statin therapy for coronary artery disease (CAD) remains to be clarified. This st.

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Single-Dose SelfJect Acthar Gel Now Available in US

HCPLive

The repository corticotropin injection is designed to help patients manage their medication alongside a range of chronic and acute autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.

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Low-Dose Oral Anticoagulation vs Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After LAAO

JAMA Cardiology

This randomized clinical trial investigates the optimal antithrombic therapy after percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO).

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Controlling lipid levels with fewer side effects possible with new drug

Science Daily - Heart Disease

Researchers have developed a new compound, ZTA-261, that binds to thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR ). THR plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, which affects lipid levels in the blood. Mice administered the drug showed decreased lipid levels in the liver and blood, with fewer side effects in the liver, heart, and bones compared to existing compounds.

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Study Highlights Comorbidities, Treatment Patterns for Alopecia Areata

HCPLive

These data from the United Arab Emirates provide insight into the comorbidities, epidemiology, patterns of treatment, and use of healthcare resources of alopecia areata patients.

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Predicting gestational diabetes mellitus risk at 11–13 weeks’ gestation: the role of extrachromosomal circular DNA

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly impacts maternal and infant health both immediately and over the long term, yet effective early diagnostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Thus, it is essent.

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Stroke triggers an innate immune memory that drives cardiac dysfunction

Nature Reviews - Cardiology

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Published online: 07 August 2024; doi:10.1038/s41569-024-01069-z Acute ischaemic stroke induces persistent innate immune memory through epigenetic changes in myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow, and this innate immune training contributes to cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in the long term, according to a new study.

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The effect of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices on the prediction of recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is acknowledged as a disease continuum. Despite catheter ablation being recommended as a primary therapy for AF, the high recurrence rates have tempered the initial enthusiasm. Insulin.

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Considerations for Choosing Advanced Treatments and Setting Patient Expectations

HCPLive

Gastroenterologist experts discuss the current landscape of biologic treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and the occasional necessity to switch between different biologic agents, while also sharing insights on their preferred treatment sequencing strategies.

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Beyond LDL-C: unravelling the residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk landscape—focus on hypertriglyceridaemia

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

AimsHistorically, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk profile mitigation has had a predominant focus on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In this narrative review we explore the residual ASCVD risk profile beyond LDL-C with a focus on hypertriglyceridaemia, recent clinical trials of therapeutics targeting hypertriglyceridaemia and novel modalities addressing other residual ASCVD risk factors.FindingsHypertriglyceridaemia remains a significant ASCVD risk despite low LDL

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Combination Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

HCPLive

Medical experts in inflammatory bowel disease discuss the current evidence on dual advanced therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, highlighting the potential benefits, while also addressing the challenges and complexity of treatment management.

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Unveiling the role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1: a comprehensive review on myocardial infarction

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Myocardial infarction (MI) stands at top global causes of death in developed countries, owing mostly to atherosclerotic plaque growth and endothelial injury-induced reduction in coronary blood flow. While early reperfusion techniques have improved outcomes, long-term treatment continues to be difficult. The function of lncRNAs extends to regulating gene expression in various conditions, both physiological and pathological, such as cardiovascular diseases.

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Beyond the Counter: How Pharmacy Technicians Have Become Invaluable Patient Advocates

Learning + Leading

Often when people visit their local pharmacy, they assume that all the person behind the counter does is dispense medications. While that’s certainly a vital part of the job, the pharmacy technician’s responsibilities extend far beyond filling prescriptions, especially in recent years.

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Cardiac follow-up visit rates increase, racial disparities persist: Study

Becker's Hospital Review - Cardiology

The rate of cardiology follow-up visits has increased, though racial disparities still exist, according to a study published Aug. 6 in The Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Dupilumab Effective Among Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis, Obesity

HCPLive

This research compared the efficacy among a cohort of individuals with obesity to the general population of adult patients with eczema.

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Artificial intelligence in heart valve disease: diagnosis, innovation and treatment. A state-of-the-art review

The British Journal of Cardiology

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to improve the precision of valvular heart disease diagnosis and treatment. It has the ability to identify and risk stratify patients with valvular heart disease and holds promise in improving the innovation of new treatments through shorter, safer and more effective clinical trials. AI can help to guide the treatment of patients with valvular heart disease, by aiding in optimal device selection for transcatheter valvular interventions

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Shared Decision Making Elevates Trust in Patients with SLE

HCPLive

The study highlighted the potential role of shared decision-making in building trust in physicians among patients with SLE.

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Mentorship for cardiology trainees: appealing or appalling?

The British Journal of Cardiology

Training and development of cardiology trainees in the UK at a local level, is usually delivered through senior supervision by a consultant cardiologist. This training is overseen by clinical and educational supervisors, whose role is to set goals in line with existing training curricula. This is crucial to ensuring trainee development and attainment of skills in line with a pre-determined ‘gold standard’ for independent practice.

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The Feel Trial: Spirituality Intervention on Blood Pressure Control, Central Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function

American College of Cardiology

In this interview, Maria Emília Figueiredo Teixeira, MD, PhD and Sidney C. Smith Jr., MD, MACC discuss the primary findings uncovered by the Feel Trial.

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Randomised trial of app-led motivational support for patients with AF to promote weight loss (MOTIVATE-AF)

The British Journal of Cardiology

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for significant patient morbidity, and obesity is a major contributor to AF incidence and symptom burden. Weight loss has been shown to positively modify AF symptoms, but weight loss in a real-world population is often only temporary. This randomised study set out to examine if smartphone-based app technology could increase weight loss in a patient population with obesity and AF.

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Clinician Uncertainty in Pneumonia Diagnoses Leads to Misdiagnoses

HCPLive

Pneumonia misdiagnoses are common, with one-third of pneumonia diagnoses changing from hospital admission to discharge, a study found.

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SGLT2 Inhibitors, Malnutrition, Cachexia, and Survival in Heart Failure Patients with a History of Anthracycline Treatment

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Patients undergoing anthracycline-based cancer treatments have an increased risk of heart failure (HF) and adverse metabolic outcomes such as malnutrition and cachexia. This retrospective study explored the impact of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on these outcomes in HF patients previously treated with anthracyclines. Using the TriNetx research network, we identified 1,545 patients with a history of SGLT2i use and 17,681 without.

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Detection of Cardiac Sarcoidosis with Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Electrocardiogram

HeartRhythm

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) manifestations, often related to rhythm abnormalities and ventricular dysfunction, are non-specific and can mimic other cardiomyopathies.1 Establishing the diagnosis of CS can be challenging and requires histologic confirmation from affected myocardium (or an extracardiac site, combined with imaging features of cardiac involvement).

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Metolazone vs chlorothiazide in acute heart failure patients with diuretic resistance and renal dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Guidelines recommend intravenous (IV) loop diuretics as first-line therapy for patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) and volume overload. Additional agents can be utilized for augmentation but there is limited guidance on agent selection. The study objective was to determine if chlorothiazide or metolazone is associated with differences in diuretic efficacy or safety in loop diuretic-resistant patients with AHF and renal dysfunction.