Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 15, 2024

A prehospital “STEMI” activation was called on a 75 year old male ( Patient 1 ) with a history of hyperlipidemia and LAD and Cx OMI with stent placement. Additionally, a bedside echocardiogram showed no wall motion abnormality and normal LV function. He wrote most of it and I (Smith) edited.

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Chest Pain STEMI Echocardiogram Stent 106

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 9, 2023

He has a history of STEMI and heart failure. link] Case continued The conventional algorithm diagnosed STEMI and so did the paramedics. And then a slightly more remote past ECG Old inferior MI The patient's previous echocardiogram report was viewed: Decreased LV systolic performance, estimated left ventricular ejection fraction is 35%.

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Aneurysm Chest Pain Echocardiogram STEMI 107

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 9, 2024

The cardiologist agreed that the ECG was suggestive of STEMI, but the facility's cath lab was apparently not available and he therefore recommended emergent transfer to a cath capable facility. This would have been fairly easy and much more expedient to diagnose with bedside echocardiogram.

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Chest Pain Pericarditis Aortic Echocardiogram 110

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 18, 2014

Thus, this is BOTH an anterior and inferior STEMI in the setting of RBBB. How old is this antero-inferior STEMI? Although acute anterior STEMI frequently has narrow QR-waves within one hour of onset (1. the presence of such well developed, wide, anterior Q-wave suggests completed transmural STEMI. Could it be acute (vs.

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STEMI Pericarditis Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 20, 2010

In this case, the ECG never mimicked a STEMI. I will proceed to post a couple cases in which SCM does mimic STEMI.

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Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathy Ultrasound STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 12, 2013

A male in his 40's who had been discharged 6 hours prior after stenting of an inferoposterior STEMI had sudden severe SOB at home 2 hours prior to calling 911. Is this acute STEMI? Is this an acute STEMI? -- Unlikely! He had no chest pain. Medications were aspirin, clopidogrel, metoprolol, and simvastatin.

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STEMI Pulmonary Stent Stents 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 11, 2024

Now it is a full blown STEMI of 3 myocardial territories: inferior, posterior, and lateral But at least it does not call it "Normal." Formal echocardiogram: Systolic function is at the lower limits of normal. Learning Points: You cannot trust conventional algorithms even to find STEMI(+) OMI, even when they say "normal ECG."

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Chest Pain STEMI Blog Exercise 111

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 29, 2015

would require the ST/S ratio to be 25% for diagnosis of STEMI in LVH. The physician was concerned about STEMI, but also worried that she was overreacting, with the potential that LVH was producing a "STEMI-mimic." No prior echocardiogram was available for comparison. Can you diagnose an ACO (STEMI) when you also have LVH?

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STEMI Myocardial Infarction Chest Pain Aneurysm 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 22, 2024

Unfortunately, the cardiologist waited until the next day to refer the patient for angiography and intervention because patient did not meet criteria for "STEMI"." The echocardiogram shows a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 55% with marked basal and mid inferolateral and basal anterolateral hypokinesia.

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Chest Pain STEMI Myocardial Infarction Angioplasty 66

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 12, 2024

Written by Bobby Nicholson What do you think of this “STEMI”? Second, although there is a lot of ST Elevation which meets STEMI criteria, especially in V3-4, the ST segment is extremely upwardly concave with very large J-waves (J-point notching). Echocardiogram was obtained and showed mild LVH without regional wall motion abnormality.

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STEMI Document Blog Ischemia 97

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 18, 2011

This is a 45 yo male who had an inferior STEMI 6 months prior, was found to have severe LAD and left main disease, and was supposed to be set up for CABG a few weeks later, but did not follow up. But it could be anterior STEMI. 40% of anterior STEMI has upward concavity in all of leads V2-V6. is likely anterior STEMI).

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STEMI Pericarditis Hospital Aneurysm 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 26, 2010

He was rushed by residents into our critical care room with a diagnosis of STEMI, and they handed me this ECG: There is sinus tachycardia with ST elevation in II, III, and aVF, as well as V4-V6. At first glance, it seems the patient is having a STEMI. ACS and STEMI generally do not cause tachycardia unless there is cardiogenic shock.

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STEMI Cardiogenic Shock Tachycardia Aneurysm 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 11, 2023

Recall from this post referencing this study that "reciprocal STD in aVL is highly sensitive for inferior OMI (far better than STEMI criteria) and excludes pericarditis, but is not specific for OMI." Her contrast enhanced echocardiogram is shown below in the parasternal short axis view. The case continues. link] Milosevic, A.,

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Myocardial Infarction Chest Pain STEMI Blood Pressure 121

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 22, 2023

See this post: What do you think the echocardiogram shows in this case? 20% of cases that everyone would call a STEMI have a competely open artery by the time of angiogram 60-90 minutes later. Important point: when there is diffuse subendocardial ischemia but no OMI, a wall motion abnormality will not necessarily be present.

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Chest Pain Ischemia Echocardiogram Myocardial Infarction 102

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 29, 2023

In the available view of the sinus rhythm, we see normal variant STE which probably meets STEMI criteria in V4 and V5. In other words, the inferior "ST elevation" is due to the abnormal rhythm, and does not signify OMI or STEMI in any way. The emergent echocardiogram showed normal EF, no WMA, and normal valve function.

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Chest Pain Tachycardia STEMI Blog 119

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 4, 2022

This has been termed a “STEMI equivalent” and included in STEMI guidelines, suggesting this patient should receive dual anti-platelets, heparin and immediate cath lab activation–or thrombolysis in centres where cath lab is not available. See this case: what do you think the echocardiogram shows in this case?

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Ischemia STEMI Stenosis Chest Pain 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 7, 2024

Smith : there is some minimal ST elevation in V2-V6, but does not meet STEMI criteria. Transient STEMI has been studied and many of these patients will re-occlude in the middle of the night. Is it normal STE? The computer thinks so, and the physician thinks that is quite possible. However , there is terminal QRS distortion in lead V3.

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Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction STEMI Critical Care 112

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 14, 2023

So we activated the Cath Lab Angiogram: Impression and Recommendations: Culprit for the patient's anterior ST segment myocardial infarction and out of hospital V-fib cardiac arrest is a thrombotic occlusion of the mid LAD The first troponin returned barely elevated at 36 ng/L (URL = 35) In our study of initial troponin in STEMI, 26.8%

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Cardiac Arrest Chest Pain Defibrillator Atrial Flutter 89

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 11, 2023

Later, I found old ECGs: 5 month prior in clinic: V5 and V6 look like OMI 9 months prior in clinic with no chest symptoms: V5 and V6 look like OMI 1 year prior in the ED with chest pain: V5 and V6 sure look like a STEMI For this ECG and chest pain in the ED, the Cath lab activated. But the angiogram was clean. There was no OMI.

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Strokes Stroke Chest Pain Cardiomyopathy 70

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 1, 2013

Precordial ST depression may be subendocardial ischemia or posterior STEMI. If you thought it might be a posterior STEMI, then you might have ordered a posterior ECG [change leads V4-V6 around to the back (V7-V9)]. So there was 3-vessel disease, but with an acute posterior STEMI. There is no ST elevation. See the list below.

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STEMI Ischemia Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 30, 2022

Here is the cath report: Echocardiogram: There is severe hypokinesis of entire LV apex and apical segment of all the walls. STEMI MINOCA versus NSTEMI MINOCA STEMI occurs in the presence of transmural ischaemia due to transient or persistent complete occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. From Gue at al. Circulation.

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Plaque Chest Pain Thrombosis Stenosis 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 18, 2013

His ECG was repeated at this point: This shows a well developed anterior STEMI. On echocardiogram, there was a 40% ejection fraction with anterior wall motion abnormality. To not see these findings is very common, and this patient would be given the diagnosis of NonSTEMI, with subsequent development of STEMI. the result is 23.9,

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STEMI Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction Webinar 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 3, 2019

Not quite a STEMI, but same effect.) There is ST elevation in V2-V4 that does not quite meet "STEMI criteria." That is a reasonable thought, but we have shown that if there is one lead of V1-V4 with a T/QRS ratio greater than 0.36, then it is STEMI, not LV aneurysm. Is this a transient STEMI? Is it normal ST elevation?

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STEMI Ischemia Chest Pain Aneurysm 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 28, 2017

EMS recorded these ECGs: Time 0: In V2-V4, there is ST elevation that does not meet STEMI "criteria," of 1.5 She was having a transient STEMI, briefly. It did not progress to full STEMI with loss of the anterior wall, as in this case. Patients with transient occlusion may manifest only transient STEMI on ECG.

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STEMI Risk Factors Bicuspid/Mitral Ultrasound 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 4, 2010

An echocardiogram confirmed aortic stenosis with a large pressure gradient. Thus, this patient had increased ST elevation (current of injury) superimposed on the ST elevation of LVH and simulating STEMI. The next day, and angiogram showed normal coronary arteries. He awoke and did well.

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Cardiac Arrest Ischemia Stenosis STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 2, 2009

A stat echocardiogram would have helped to make this diagnosis and facilitate timely reperfusion. Possibilities include: serial ECGs (which were done but still nondiagnostic), stat echocardiogram, or posterior ECG. By definition, this is a non-STEMI because there is not 1 mm of ST elevation in 2 consecutive leads.

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Heart Attack Heart attacks STEMI Echocardiogram 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 2, 2021

He underwent formal echocardiogram several days later, which confirmed the findings of anterior, and apical wall motion abnormalities. Practice putting the probe on the chest of someone with an obvious STEMI(+) OMI in order to look for regional wall motion abnormalities. Do NOT use them. 1] Wereski, R., Chapman, A. Gray, A., &

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Chest Pain Ultrasound STEMI Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 25, 2024

EKG initially negative but repeat shows a few T wave abnormalities… There is a chance this could be non-cardiac pain” At 1518, an echocardiogram showed normal LV size and systolic function with hypokinesis of the mid and distal anterior wall and the mid and distal septum. At 1605, another repeat troponin resulted at 5.271 ng/mL.

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Chest Pain Blog Hospital Tachycardia 108

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 1, 2024

A rapid echocardiogram was performed, revealing an ejection fraction of 20% with thinning of the anterior-apical walls. As per Dr. Aslanger — a number of medical providers were initial confused by what initially appears as marked ST elevation with reciprocal ST depression, indicative of an acute STEMI. That was also my initial concern.

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Tachycardia Blog Ischemia Heart Failure 97

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 13, 2017

Technically, the STE meets STEMI criteria because there is greater than 2.5 These kinds of cases were excluded from the study as obvious anterior STEMI. mm) Although this was indeed a case of early repolarization, it could be STEMI. In any case, the patient needs at a minimum serial ECGs and perhaps a formal echocardiogram.

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Chest Pain STEMI Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 24, 2019

Troponins, echocardiogram An echocardiogram showed inferobasilar hypokinesis, further supporting a diagnosis of regional ischemia , likely of the area supplied by the RCA. A recent study found that SCAD causes almost 20% of STEMI in young women. examined SCAD presenting as STEMI (unlike Hassan et al. Lobo et al.

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Chest Pain SCAD STEMI Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 26, 2023

5 years ago Similar Previous formal echocardiogram Inferior posterior with dyskinesis "Dyskinesis" is the technical echo term for LV aneurysm. At this point — I learned a bit more about today's patient: The patient is a man who had an inferior STEMI in 2010. We know today's patient had a documented inferior STEMI in 2010.

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Aneurysm Chest Pain STEMI Bradycardia 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 4, 2022

Formal Echocardiogram: The estimated left ventricular ejection fraction is 58 %. These include about 60 occlusion MI (OMI) with clear ST segment elevation (none of which would be called “Normal” by the computer) and about 165 Non-STEMI. Of the Non-STEMI in our cohort, about 25% will actually have acute coronary occlusion.

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Chest Pain STEMI Article Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 17, 2024

for those of you who do not do Emergency Medicine, ECGs are handed to us without any clinical context) The ECG was read simply as "No STEMI." Echocardiogram showed severe RV dilation with McConnell’s sign and an elevated RVSP. If this EKG were handed to you to screen from triage without any clinical information, what would you think?

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Chest Pain Embolism Pulmonary Tachycardia 136

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 17, 2018

The patient underwent an emergent formal echocardiogram to look for wall motion abnormality: The estimated left ventricular ejection fraction is 63 %. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18, SBP less than 100 mmHg, echocardiogram with EF less than 50%, STEMI, pregnancy, and trauma. No wall motion abnormality.

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Chest Pain Pericarditis Tachycardia Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 21, 2022

Echocardiogram: The estimated left ventricular ejection fraction is 34% Regional wall motion abnormality-lateral, akinetic. OMI that are not STEMI can be very subtle and difficult to diagnose even though the findings are very specific. A massive acute OMI. Regional wall motion abnormality-inferior base ( this is the posterior wall ).

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Chest Pain Blog Ischemia STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 6, 2024

Elevated troponins prompted an echocardiogram — which revealed an apical wall motion abnormality (WMA). It definitely does not fulfill STEMI criteria, and I would argue that it would not lead to cath lab activation in most centers. Patient #1 in today's post did not get expert ECG interpretation. The ECG shows ST depression in lead V3.

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Chest Pain Ischemia Pericarditis Tachycardia 85