article thumbnail

Trends in direct health care costs among US adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with and without diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology

The costs were direct total health care expenditures (out-of-pocket payments and payments by private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and other sources) from various sources (office-based visits, hospital outpatient, emergency room, inpatient hospital, pharmacy, home health care, and other medical expenditures).