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The patient is female in her 80s with a medical hx of previous MI with PCI and stent placement. Are you confident there is no ischemia? Primary VT , and the VT with tachycardia is causing ischemia with chest discomfort (supply-demand mismatch/type 2 MI)? The last echocardiography 12 months ago showed HFmrEF.
The fact that R waves 2 through 6 are junctional does make ischemia more difficult to interpret -- but not impossible. Back to the assessment of ischemia: Returning to the ECG, the leads that catch my eye first are -- I, II, V4, V5, V6. Ischemia can be disguised by a wide escape rhythm, which decreases the sensitivity of ECG.
But it was interpreted as no acute ischemia and the patient was referred to cardiology as Non-STEMI. The total occlusion was recanalized and stented from 100 to 0%. Clinical: patient alerts for refractory ischemia (refractory chest pain), and empowering nurses to advocate for patients 4.
The ECG in the chart was read as "no obvious ST changes," (even though no previous ECG was available) and the formal read by the emergency physicians was: "ST deviation and moderated T-wave abnormality, consider lateral ischemia." It is well documented with continuous 12-lead monitoring that acute re-occlusion is frequently asymptomatic.
The pain will resolve and you will think the ischemia is gone when it is only hidden ! Cardiology consult note written around that time documents that "Pain improved with NTG, morphine in ED but still present." Just before 10 AM, the patient received a stent to the culprit OM. Repeat cTnI drawn at around 8 AM was 3.910 ng/mL.
60-something with h/o MI and stents presented with chest pain radiating to the back and nausea/vomiting. It was stented. The patient had a p rior h istory of MI + stents. In this patient with documented coronary disease — these q waves could reflect prior lateral infarction ( especially in view of the Q in lead aVL ).
He did, found the true culprit, and went back in to stent it. His astute observation is worthy of brief discussion: Rituparna et al document a case study report, in which J waves appeared to be induced by ischemia ( Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 30(6):817-819, 2007 ). You can listen to my explanation by playing the video.
Ischemic Hyperacute T waves (Tall, round, symmetric, vs the “pointy” peaked-T’s of HyperK), are often a clue to ischemia. She received PCI with 2 drug-eluting stents in overlying fashion. What are some clues to help us differentiate between the two in this scenario? The T-waves here are not upright or particularly large.
It was opened and stented. To realize — Assessment of ECG #1 is complicated by knowing: i ) That today’s patient has a history of documented CAD ; and , ii ) The lack o f a prior tracing for comparison at the time the initial ECG was interpreted. Formal bubble contrast echo: The estimated left ventricular ejection fraction 57%.
This proves that the first one was, surprisingly, due to ischemia!! We assume that at some point the patient's pain returned, but it is not documented, so exactly when this happened is uncertain. He was successfully treated with one drug eluting stent.
This is where careful discussion with the patient is required, and an explanation of the most recent literature suggests no reduction in future major heart events with stenting in most obstructive coronary artery disease 5. ( 3 ESC Scientific Document Group. 5 ISCHEMIA Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2018 Sep 6;379(10):924-933.
This was stented. If there is polymorphic VT with a long QT on the baseline ECG, then generally we call that Torsades, but Non-Torsades Polymorphic VT can result from ischemia alone. Document in the patient's chart that rapid infusion is intentional in response to life-threatening hypokalemia." The patient stabilized.
There is low voltage in the precordium which always makes reading ischemia harder. In ACS, chest pain is the warning sign of ongoing ischemia. Smith : As Willy says, and as we've said many times before, morphine will resolve pain without resolving ischemia. ECG 1 What do you think? To me, this ECG is not diagnostic.
After stent deployment, we often see improvement in the ST-T within seconds or minutes. Here is the final angiogram following placement of a stent in the ostial RCA. 2:04 PM, post stent deployment You can see that even after complete restoration of flow, the ECG still looks terrible, V most of all. Galiuto, L., Yoshida, T.,
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