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Written by Willy Frick A man in his 50s with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a 30 pack-year smoking history presented to the ER with 1 hour of acute onset, severe chestpain and diaphoresis. The fact that R waves 2 through 6 are junctional does make ischemia more difficult to interpret -- but not impossible.
She also has sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and intermittent high grade AV block for which she had a dual chamber pacemaker implanted. On the day of presentation she complained of typical chestpain, and stated it feels like prior MI. Many health care providers will simply not attempt to assess ischemia in the presence of a wide QRS.
Case written and submitted by Ryan Barnicle MD, with edits by Pendell Meyers While vacationing on one of the islands off the northeast coast, a healthy 70ish year old male presented to the island health center for an evaluation of chestpain. The chestpain started about one hour prior to arrival while bike riding.
She had a single chamber ICD/Pacemaker implanted several years prior due to ventricular tachycardia. She presented to the emergency department after a couple of days of chest discomfort. Are you confident there is no ischemia? Ischemia from ACS causing the chest discomfort, with VT another consequence (or coincidence)?
She was hemodynamically stable — and did not have chestpain, lightheadedness or syncope. Is a pacemaker needed? The ECG in Figure-1 was obtained from a woman in her 60s — who was seen in the ED ( E mergency D epartment ) as part of her evaluation for trauma following a motor vehicle accident. Is this " high -grade" AV block?
Although the patient reported experiencing mild pressure-like chestpain, there was suspicion among clinicians that this might be indicative of an older change. Again, see Ken's discussion below) Discussion continued The absence of pace spikes suggests this is not a pacemaker/ICD-related rhythm in this patient with an ICD.
My Immediate Impression — was that this elderly woman with a several week history of symptoms would most likely leave the hospital with a pacemaker. This suggests ischemia of uncertain duration. A permanent pacemaker was placed. PEARL # 2: Interpretation of the 12-lead ECG in Figure-1 is no easy task!
She went on to describe her chestpain as a "buffalo sitting on my chest" and a "weird" sensation in her jaw for 1 hour prior to arrival, associated with lightheadedness and diaphoresis. The patient was given fentanyl initially for chestpain with minimal effect and then vomited which was followed by zofran and famotidine.
Learning Points: Ectopic atrial rhythm can produce atrial repolarization findings that can be confused for acute ischemia, STEMI, or OMI. If you can safely and easily increase the patient's heart rate, you can convert the patient to sinus and repeat the ECG to see if the atrial repolarization wave was the cause of the concern for ischemia.
A recent similar case: A 40-something with chestpain. Therefore, she underwent temporary pacemaker placement and overdrive pacing at a rate of 90 bpm to keep the heart rate up in order to prevent these PVCs triggering ventricular arrhythmia. Acute ischemia? Is this inferior MI? Use of QT-prolonging drugs?
ie, with syncope-presyncope, fatigue, dyspnea, chestpain? ). Ruling out other potential causes of bradycardia ( ie, recent ischemia-infarction; hypothyroidism ). I would bet that this patient will soon receive a permanent pacemaker. =
Written by Colin Jenkins and Nhu-Nguyen Le with edits by Willy Frick and by Smith A 46-year-old male presented to the emergency department with 2 days of heavy substernal chestpain and nausea. The patient continued having chestpain. These diagnoses were not found in his medical records nor even a baseline ECG.
She did notice something slightly wrong subjectively, but had no palpitations, chestpain, or SOB, or any other symptom. This middle-aged patient has a remote history of cardiac surgery as a young child for a "heart murmur". Her Apple Watch suddenly told her that she is in atrial fibrillation. She was on no medications.
Edits by Meyers and Smith A man in his 70s with PMH of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, CVA, dual-chamber Medtronic pacemaker, presented to the ED for evaluation of acute chestpain. EKG shown here: LAFB with no clear signs of OMI or ischemia. Sent by Pete McKenna M.D. Triage ECG: What do you think?
There was no chestpain. Isoprenalin was discontinued, and a temporary transveous pacemaker was implanted. The patient stabilized following pacemaker placement. Extensive conduction system abnormalities can have various causes (ischemia, genetic, infectious, amyloid, etc). She had no known heart condition.
The patient in today’s case is a previously healthy 40-something male who contacted EMS due to acute onset crushing chestpain. The pain was 10/10 in intensity radiating bilaterally to the shoulders and also to the left arm and neck. There is no definite evidence of acute ischemia. (ie, The below ECG was recorded.
If you experience any symptoms, such as chestpain, dizziness, unusual tiredness or fatigue, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeat, your doctor would want you to go for an ECG test to find out the underlying cause. ECG testing is also carried out to see how medicines work during treatment and the pacemaker's functioning.
Such findings would normally suggest primary ischemia with concomitant surveillance of coronary occlusion, but these ST/T changes might very well be secondary to the Escape mechanism at hand. He received a permanent pacemaker during the subsequent inpatient stay. Hospital transport was unremarkable.
Case An elderly patient had acute chestpain and 911 was called. The medics recorded the following initial ECG at time 0: The computer read (see below) gives no further comment beyond ventricular pacemaker. I am hoping to moderate the arrogance that so many who write to me and talk to me frequently encounter." What do you think?
As to ST-T wave changes in the 12-lead ECG — although some leads show T wave inversion (ie, in leads III, V3 and V4 ) — I did not think this looked acute in this 30-year old man without chestpain. No evidence of ischemia. Many favored pacemaker implantation at this time. What about the Repeat ECG?
Written by Willy Frick with edits by Ken Grauer An older man with a history of non-ischemic HFrEF s/p CRT and mild coronary artery disease presented with chestpain. He said he had had three episodes of chestpain that day while urinating. No evidence for ischemia jumps out. ECG 1 What do you think?
Check : [vitals, SOB, ChestPain, Ultrasound] If the patient has Abdominal Pain, ChestPain, Dyspnea or Hypoxemia, Headache, Hypotension , then these should be considered the primary chief complaint (not syncope). Evidence of acute ischemia (may be subtle) vii. Left BBB vi. Pathologic Q-waves viii.
It is possible there is microvascular dysfunction producing residual transmural ischemia. But this is most common when there is prolonged ischemia, and this patient had the fastest reperfusion imaginable! He had no chestpain, dyspnea, or any other anginal equivalent, and his vital signs were normal.
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