Open Heart

DECEMBER 7, 2023

Introduction Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicates 5%–15% of cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with inpatient mortality greater than 40%. This prospective registry includes all patients >18 years of age presenting with STEMI with or without CS beginning on 1 February 2023.

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Cardiogenic Shock Myocardial Infarction STEMI Heart Attack 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 9, 2024

Here is the Queen of Hearts (version 1) interpretation: Click here to sign up for Queen of Hearts Access Angiogram images before and after intervention: Another view (before and after intervention): The patient was confirmed to be in cardiogenic shock, placed on ECMO, also with impella assist device.

Defibrillator 110

Defibrillator STEMI Cardiac Arrest Cardiogenic Shock 110

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 26, 2010

He was rushed by residents into our critical care room with a diagnosis of STEMI, and they handed me this ECG: There is sinus tachycardia with ST elevation in II, III, and aVF, as well as V4-V6. At first glance, it seems the patient is having a STEMI. ACS and STEMI generally do not cause tachycardia unless there is cardiogenic shock.

STEMI 52

STEMI Cardiogenic Shock Tachycardia Aneurysm 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 28, 2020

Now appears to be in cardiogenic shock." However, cardiogenic shock usually takes some time to develop, so it is probably subacute." This can only be due to STEMI. Cardiogenic shock and ACS is an indication for the cath lab, even if you don't think there is OMI. I was texted these ECGs.

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Cardiogenic Shock Chest Pain Ischemia Stenosis 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 5, 2024

The VSR is what is causing the cardiogenic shock! It has been estimated that in the aggregate, they occur at a rate of about 3 per 1000 patients with acute MI, and most of these events occur in patients with STEMI. PIRP is strongly associated with myocardial rupture. PIRP was associated with persistent upright T waves.

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Cardiogenic Shock Pericarditis Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction 109

DAIC

APRIL 8, 2024

milla1cf Mon, 04/08/2024 - 18:07 April 8, 2024 — Implantation of the Impella CP micro-axial flow pump in the hours after a heart attack significantly increased the rate of survival at six months among people suffering cardiogenic shock, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology ’s Annual Scientific Session.

Heart Attack 52

Heart Attack Heart attacks Cardiogenic Shock Catheterization Laboratory 52

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

JULY 22, 2024

IntroductionIn developing countries, there is a notable scarcity of real-world data on adherence to optimal medical therapy (OMT) and its correlation with major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients were followed up for 4.5 ResultsWe included 349 patients with a mean age of 58.08

Myocardial Infarction 59

Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors Cardiogenic Shock STEMI 59

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

MARCH 10, 2024

Background Hyperglycemia, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is frequently observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There are conflicting sources regarding the relationship between hyperglycemia and outcomes in STEMI patients. 3.45) and 4.47 (95% CI: 2.54–7.87),

Myocardial Infarction 59

Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock Outcomes Article 59

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 18, 2014

Thus, this is BOTH an anterior and inferior STEMI in the setting of RBBB. How old is this antero-inferior STEMI? Although acute anterior STEMI frequently has narrow QR-waves within one hour of onset (1. the presence of such well developed, wide, anterior Q-wave suggests completed transmural STEMI. Could it be acute (vs.

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STEMI Pericarditis Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock 52

American College of Cardiology

NOVEMBER 18, 2024

Older patients with STEMI-related cardiogenic shock have a greater risk of mortality and may not experience the same benefit from microaxial flow pump (mAFP) treatment as their younger counterparts, according to an exploratory secondary analysis of the DanGer Shock trial presented at AHA 2024 and simultaneously published in JACC.

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Cardiogenic Shock STEMI Article 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 19, 2023

This ECG was read as “No STEMI” with no prior available for comparison. It is true this ECG does not meet STEMI criteria (there is 1.0 The Queen of Hearts sees it of course: Still none of these three ECGs meet STEMI criteria. Do you think we discussed this patient's 2-3 hour delay to reperfusion in our quarterly "STEMI meeting"?

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain STEMI Cardiogenic Shock Ischemia 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 16, 2010

He was in cardiogenic shock. As you will see, this results in the discovery of ST elevation in V2-V4 and I and aVL, diagnostic of anterolateral STEMI. The ED providers activated the cath lab, but the interventionalist refused to come in because it was "not a STEMI". The patient died 8 hours later of cardiogenic shock.

Tachycardia 52

Tachycardia Cardiogenic Shock Chest Pain STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 23, 2024

The conventional machine algorithm interpreted this ECG as STEMI. Taking a step back , remember that sinus tachycardia is less commonly seen in OMI (except in cases of impending cardiogenic shock). See this post of RV MI with both McConnell sign and "D" sign: Inferior and Posterior STEMI. Both were wrong.

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Cardiogenic Shock Ultrasound Pulmonary Tachycardia 118

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 8, 2024

Subtle as a STEMI." (i.e., A temporary pacemaker was implanted, and she was admitted to the ICU with cardiogenic shock. In our study, there were 20/53 complete LAD OMI (TIMI-0 flow) which did not meet STEMI criteria. None of the 20 ever evolved to STEMI criteria. This one is easy for the Queen.

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Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Infarction STEMI Cardiogenic Shock 116

Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions

FEBRUARY 20, 2024

NH-IMRangiowas calculated based on standard coronary angiographic views with 3-dimensional-modeling and computational analysis of the coronary flow.RESULTS:Overall, ECC (a composite of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, resuscitated cardiac arrest, left ventricular thrombus, post-ST-segment–elevation (..)

Myocardial Infarction 40

Myocardial Infarction STEMI Cardiogenic Shock Cardiac Arrest 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 21, 2024

The ECG shows obvious STEMI(+) OMI due to probable proximal LAD occlusion. The patient in today’s case presented in cardiogenic shock from proximal LAD occlusion, in conjunction with a subtotally stenosed LMCA. The pain was 10/10 in intensity radiating bilaterally to the shoulders and also to the left arm and neck.

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Arrhythmia Cardiogenic Shock Bradycardia Defibrillator 122

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 17, 2024

The prehospital and ED computer interpretation was inferior STEMI: There’s normal sinus rhythm, first degree AV block and RBBB, normal axis and normal voltages. The paramedic notes called STEMI into question: “EMS disagree with monitor for STEMI callout. Vitals were normal except for oxygen saturation of 94%. Vitals were normal.

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Chest Pain STEMI Pulmonary Embolism 78

Ken Grauer, MD

OCTOBER 25, 2024

It may look identical t o the ST-T wave appearance seen after a STEMI with marked troponin elevation, that has now reperfused ( be this reperfusion spontaneous — or by treatment with PCI or thrombolytics ). Unfortunately — this patient died within 12 hours of obtaining this tracing from cardiogenic shock.

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Blog Chest Pain Cardiogenic Shock STEMI 95

The British Journal of Cardiology

APRIL 16, 2024

Clinical presentation was stable angina 130/567 (22.9%), non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) 312/567 (55%), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 125/567 (22.0%), and STEMI with cardiogenic shock 13/125 (10.4%). The radial approach was used in 544/567 (95.94%), the average SYNTAX score was 34.8 ± 9.6,

Outcomes 40

Outcomes Cardiogenic Shock Angina STEMI 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 19, 2016

Clinical Course The paramedic activated a “Code STEMI” alert and transported the patient nearly 50 miles to the closest tertiary medical center. 2 The astute paramedic recognized this possibility and announced a CODE STEMI. Authors' commentary: Cardiogenic shock in the setting of severe aortic stenosis. What do you see?

Ischemia 40

Ischemia Cardiogenic Shock Aortic Stenosis 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 1, 2024

These were catastrophically missed (EM cath lab activation cancelled both times by the interventionalist) Here is a case of Sinus with RBBB and LAFB that was diagnosed correctly by the emergency physicians as acute STEMI. The patient died of cardiogenic shock: Go to the post to see the full explanation.

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Tachycardia Cardiogenic Shock Arrhythmia STEMI 107

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 3, 2023

The ECG was read as "No STEMI" and the patient was treated like an average chest pain patient (despite the fact that a chest pain patient with active pain and active subendocardial ischemia is very high risk). The notes now refer to the patient being in cardiogenic shock, on pressors.

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Chest Pain Cardiogenic Shock Ischemia Myocardial Infarction 87

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 17, 2023

Troponin T peaked at 2074 ng/L (very high, typical of OMI/STEMI). Post PCI the patient became gravely hypotensive and "shocky". She stabilized on dobutamine and levosimendan infusions that could be discontinued after 24 hours. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) improved from 15mm to 19mm within the first 24 hours.

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Pulmonary Tricuspid Chest Pain Cardiogenic Shock 104

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 30, 2023

There is an obvious inferior posterior STEMI(+) OMI. Methods Retrospective study of consecutive inferior STEMI , comparing ECGs of patients with, to those without, RVMI, as determined by angiographic coronary occlusion proximal to the RV marginal branch. What is the atrial activity? Is it sinus arrest with junctional escape?

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Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction STEMI Cardiogenic Shock 86

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 7, 2019

There is an obvious inferior STEMI, but what else? Why is the patient in shock? Besides the obvious inferior STEMI, there is across the precordial leads also, especially in V1. He was in profound cardiogenic shock. This STE is diagnostic of Right Ventricular STEMI (RV MI). A right sided ECG was not recorded.

Bradycardia 40

Bradycardia Cardiogenic Shock STEMI Ischemia 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 9, 2019

When total LM occlusion does present with STE in aVR, there is ALWAYS ST Elevation elsewhere which makes STEMI obvious; in other words, STE is never limited to only aVR but instead it is part of a massive and usually obvious STEMI. All are, however, clearly massive STEMI. This is her ECG: An obvious STEMI, but which artery?

Myocardial Infarction 52

Myocardial Infarction Ischemia STEMI Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 8, 2023

Code STEMI was activated by the ED physician based on the diagnostic ECG for LAD OMI in ventricular paced rhythm. This was several months after the 2022 ACC Guidelines adding modified Sgarbossa criteria as a STEMI equivalent in ventricular paced rhythm). LAFB, atrial flutter, anterolateral STEMI(+) OMI. Limkakeng AT.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction STEMI Pacemaker 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 4, 2022

This has been termed a “STEMI equivalent” and included in STEMI guidelines, suggesting this patient should receive dual anti-platelets, heparin and immediate cath lab activation–or thrombolysis in centres where cath lab is not available. aVR ST segment elevation: acute STEMI or not? aVR ST Segment Elevation: Acute STEMI or Not?

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Ischemia STEMI Stenosis Chest Pain 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 30, 2014

Then the notes mention "cardiogenic shock" but without any reference to a cardiac echo or to a chest x-ray. Cardiologist note says: "Elevated troponin explained by type II MI due to her shock." Trop T now very high, well into the range one sees with a STEMI; very unusual in type II MI. Was there pulmonary edema?

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Outcomes Cardiogenic Shock STEMI Chest Pain 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 11, 2022

This pattern is essentially always accompanied by cardiogenic shock and high rates of VT/VF arrest, etc. The patient arrived to the ED in cardiogenic shock but awake. Code STEMI was activated. A man in his 80s with chest pain What, besides large anterior STEMI, is so ominous about this ECG?

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Cardiogenic Shock Chest Pain Tachycardia Ischemia 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 12, 2020

Assessment was severe sudden cardiogenic shock. In a series of 18 patients with COVID and ST elevation, 8 were diagnosed with STEMI, 6 of whom had an angiogram and it showed obstructive coronary disease. 12 All STEMI patients had very high cTn typical of STEMI (cTnT > 1.0 They recorded an EC G: New ST Elevation.

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Cardiac Arrest COVID-19 Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 11, 2021

The patient was brought to the ED as a possible Code STEMI and was seen directly by cardiology. Similarly, STEMI guidelines call for urgent angiography for refractory ischemia or electrical/hemodynamic instability, regardless of ECG findings. But by this time the patient went into cardiogenic shock and passed away.

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Chest Pain Cardiac Arrest Ischemia Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 24, 2020

When the ST vector is primarily posterior, the diagnosis is usually posterior STEMI. ST depression maximal in V5 and V6 cannot be reciprocal to subepicardial, transmural ischemia under aVR because, as stated above, there is no ventricular myocardium beneath that lead, no STEMI under aVR. I just read Ken's comments before publishing.

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Ischemia Chest Pain Stenosis STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 17, 2018

I have always said that tachycardia should argue against acute MI unless there is cardiogenic shock or 2 simultaneous pathologies. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18, SBP less than 100 mmHg, echocardiogram with EF less than 50%, STEMI, pregnancy, and trauma. PR depression, which suggests pericarditis 4.

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Chest Pain Pericarditis Tachycardia Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 24, 2019

A recent study found that SCAD causes almost 20% of STEMI in young women. examined SCAD presenting as STEMI (unlike Hassan et al. were pretty sick, with mostly LM/pLAD lesions and high rates of cardiogenic shock. I had no idea SCAD was so common a cause of acute STEMI in younger women, even when they are non-smokers.

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Chest Pain SCAD STEMI Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

The axiom of "type 1 (ACS, plaque rupture) STEMIs are not tachycardic unless they are in cardiogenic shock" is not applicable outside of sinus rhythm. Is that an obvious STEMI underneath that rhythm? Is this inferor STEMI? Atrial Flutter with Inferior STEMI? If I fix the rhythm will the ST changes resolve?

Ischemia 52

Ischemia Atrial Flutter Arrhythmia Tachycardia 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 13, 2020

Because of the tachcardia, I would expect her to be very poor left ventricular function and maybe Cardiogenic shock. Dyspnea, Right Bundle Branch block, and ST elevation Here are two more cases where the differential diagnosis is acute OMI vs. LV aneurysm: Is this acute STEMI? Not all anterior LV aneurysm has a QS-wave.

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Tachycardia AFIB Cardiogenic Shock Myocardial Infarction 52