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ST depression is common BOTH after resuscitation from cardiacarrest and during atrial fib with RVR. Again, it is common to have an ECG that shows apparent subendocardial ischemia after resuscitation from cardiacarrest, after defibrillation, and after cardioversion. The patient was cardioverted. This was done.
The last section is a detailed discussion of the research on aVR in both STEMI and NonSTEMI. The additional ST Elevation in V1 is not usually seen with diffuse subendocardial ischemia, and suggests that something else, like STEMI from LAD occlusion, could be present. Here is an article I wrote: Updates on the ECG in ACS. see below).
An echocardiogram confirmed aortic stenosis with a large pressure gradient. Thus, this patient had increased ST elevation (current of injury) superimposed on the ST elevation of LVH and simulating STEMI. The next day, and angiogram showed normal coronary arteries. He awoke and did well.
Two recent interventions have proven in randomized trials to improve neurologic survival in cardiacarrest: 1) the combination of the ResQPod and the ResQPump (suction device for compression-decompression CPR -- Lancet 2011 ) and 2) Dual Sequential defibrillation. Formal Echocardiogram: Normal left ventricular size and wall thickness.
This has been termed a “STEMI equivalent” and included in STEMI guidelines, suggesting this patient should receive dual anti-platelets, heparin and immediate cath lab activation–or thrombolysis in centres where cath lab is not available. See this case: what do you think the echocardiogram shows in this case?
Technically, the STE meets STEMI criteria because there is greater than 2.5 These kinds of cases were excluded from the study as obvious anterior STEMI. mm) Although this was indeed a case of early repolarization, it could be STEMI. In any case, the patient needs at a minimum serial ECGs and perhaps a formal echocardiogram.
A prior ECG from 1 month ago was available: The presentation ECG was interpreted as STEMI and the patient was transferred emergently to the nearest PCI center. Formal echocardiogram showed normal EF, no wall motion abnormalities, no pericardial effusion. So maybe she is better than I am. No more troponins were done.
It is apparently fortunate that she had a cardiacarrest; otherwise, her ECG would have been ignored. Here is the cath report: Echocardiogram: There is severe hypokinesis of entire LV apex and apical segment of all the walls. This has resulted in an under-representation of STEMI MINOCA patients in the literature.
I think a good start would be a posterior EKG and a high quality contrast echocardiogram read by an expert. Dialysis patients had double the rate of cardiacarrest (11% vs 5%), were less likely to receive reperfusion therapy when eligible (47% vs. 75%), and had an increased odds ratio of death compared to nondialysis patients 1.5 (95%
2) The STE in V1 and V2 has an R'-wave and downsloping ST segments, very atypical for STEMI. Cardiology was consulted and they agreed that the EKG had an atypical morphology for STEMI and did not activate the cath lab. Smith comment: 1) Brugada ECG may have ST shifts in limb leads as well as precordial leads. Bicarb 20, Lactate 4.2,
There is ST depression in II, III, and aVF that is concerning for reciprocal depression from high lateral STEMI in aVL, where there is some ST elevation. There is also ST depression in precordial leads, greatest in V3 and V4, concerning for posterior STEMI. The patient died is spite of resuscitative efforts. It is found on 1% to 3.5%
Unfortunately, the ECG was interpreted as no significant change from prior , "no STEMI"!! He was sent back to the waiting room, where he suffered a VF arrest. Approximately 5 minutes after ROSC, this ECG was obtained (about 45 minutes after arrival): Obvious anterolateral OMI, and STEMI criteria positive for those who care or need it.
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