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Discussion See this post: STEMI with Life-Threatening Hypokalemia and Incessant Torsades de Pointes I could find very little literature on the treatment of severe life-threatening hypokalemia. If cardiacarrest from hypokalemia is imminent (i.e., When the ECG shows the effects of hypokalemia, it is particularly dangerous.
If cardiacarrest from hypokalemia is imminent (i.e., Document in the patient's chart that rapid infusion is intentional in response to life-threatening hypokalemia." to greatly decrease risk (although in STEMI, the optimal level is about 4.0-4.5 If the patient is at 1.8, that will raise it to 5.1 mEq/L, from 1.9
See many examples of Pseudo STEMI due to hyperkalemia at these two posts: Acute respiratory distress: Correct interpretation of the initial and serial ECG findings, with aggressive management, might have saved his life. And, there is no documentation that the tachycardia has resolved. No followup EKG was recorded!!
A prehospital ECG was recorded (not shown and not seen by me) which was worrisome for STEMI. A previous ECG from 4 years prior was normal: This looks like an anterior STEMI, but it is complicated by tachycardia (which can greatly elevate ST segments) and by the presentation which is of fever and sepsis.
Here is his ED ECG: There is obvious infero-posterior STEMI. What are you worried about in addition to his STEMI? Comments: STEMI with hypokalemia, especially with a long QT, puts the patient at very high risk of Torsades or Ventricular fibrillation (see many references, with abstracts, below). There is atrial fibrillation.
The ECG shows obvious STEMI(+) OMI due to probable proximal LAD occlusion. In both tracings — an exceedingly fast PMVT is documented. The patient in today’s case is a previously healthy 40-something male who contacted EMS due to acute onset crushing chest pain. The below ECG was recorded.
A prior ECG from 1 month ago was available: The presentation ECG was interpreted as STEMI and the patient was transferred emergently to the nearest PCI center. Our patient had a Brugada Type 1 pattern elicited by an elevated core temperature, which is also a documented phenomenon. So maybe she is better than I am.
2) The STE in V1 and V2 has an R'-wave and downsloping ST segments, very atypical for STEMI. Cardiology was consulted and they agreed that the EKG had an atypical morphology for STEMI and did not activate the cath lab. Smith comment: 1) Brugada ECG may have ST shifts in limb leads as well as precordial leads. Bicarb 20, Lactate 4.2,
Thus, Brugada is the likely diagnosis _ A very nice explanation of this is given in the document quoted below on current ECG criteria for Brugada pattern. Further history later: This patient personally has no further high risk features (syncope / presyncope), but her mother had sudden cardiacarrest in sleep.
Unexplained cardiacarrest or documented VF/polymorphic VT: +3 3. Unexplained sudden cardiac death (3 categories) (+0.5 - +2) 4. Cardiacarrest. Clinical History 2.a. of atrial fib/flutter at age less than 30: +0.5 syncope of unclear etiology: +1 2.c. Suspected arrhythmic syncope: +2 2.d. Family History 3.a.
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