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Traditional transvenous pacemakers consist of a pacemaker generator usually positioned surgically in the upper left chest on the pectoral muscle fascia and one or more leads positioned through the veins to the right atrium and across the tricuspid valve to the right ventricular apex.
Physiologically — the most commonly observed pattern of AFlutter, known as " Typical " AFlutter — produces 2:1 negative deflections seen in the inferior leads ( as seen in Figure-3 ) — as a result of CCW ( C ounter C lock W ise ) rotation of a fixed reentrant circuit around the tricuspid valve annulus and through the cavo-tricuspid isthmus.
Perhaps the patient has pulmonary hypertension and/or tricuspid regurgitation? There definitel are periods of bradycardia (so pacing may be needed for that). Hope this helps — :) ECG-3 — I see sinus bradycardia and arrhythmia. RED arrows show what looks to be sinus P waves that are HUGE !!!!
In the new image on the right, it no longer turns upward within the atrium, but continues distally into the tricuspid valve or ventricle. This is supported by the PT note which described a palpably irregular pulse with pauses and marked bradycardia. In the old x-ray on the left, the lead appears to terminate within the atrium.
Tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity and pulmonary regurgitation end diastolic velocity indicating pulmonary hypertension are also taken as surrogates of left atrial pressure in the absence of pulmonary disease. Use of drugs producing bradycardia like beta blockers in stages III and IV may precipitate low output state.
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