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Eccentricity Index in Bicuspid Aortic Valve

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Transcript of the video: Closure line of aortic valve on M-Mode echocardiogram, is seen as central line, while in bicuspid aortic valve, it is an eccentric closure, nearer to one of the walls of the aorta. That is an important feature of bicuspid aortic valve on M-Mode echocardiogram. So this is a premature beat. is the normal range.

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Assessment of LV Diastolic Function by Echo in SR and AF

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Though there are several parameters for evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography, the most commonly used are the pulsed Doppler mitral E/A ratio and tissue Doppler mitral E/e’ ratio. Doppler interrogation of mitral valve is usually done from the apex through the apical four chamber view.

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Mild Tricuspid Regurgitation

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

This is the schematic diagram of the heart in which you can see right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta and pulmonary artery. Unlike the valves on the left side like the mitral and aortic, right sided valves can have some leak. Similarly, another right sided valve is the pulmonary valve.

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Norwood Procedure for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Transcript of video: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome is a very severe form of congenital heart disease, in which, the left ventricle, aorta and mitral and aortic valves are hypoplastic and valves may be atretic as well. A Gore-Tex tube is used and this maintains, this is a Blalock-Taussig shunt, which maintains pulmonary circulation.

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Biatrial Enlargement on Chest X-Ray PA View

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Normally, the main pulmonary artery segment will be concave and left atrial appendage region also will be not prominent. So that is why we see straightening of left border, typically heard of in mitral stenosis with left atrial enlargement and mild pulmonary hypertension. Those are not very clear in this picture.

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Single Frame Echo Quiz

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

This is the aortic valve in closed position and mitral valve also appears to be closed in position. From the images you do not know whether the mitral valve is really fully closed or almost about to be closed. You require multiple views to see from where the pulmonary arteries are arising. This could be a conus tissue.

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What is the reason for sudden breathlessness at night in those with heart disease?

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Sudden breathlessness at night in those with known heart disease is usually due to collection of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). During day time, when one is walking about, any extra fluid in the body tends to collect in the legs, due to the effect of gravity.