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Transcript of the video: Now we will discuss echocardiogram in mitral valve prolapse. But, even though mitral valve prolapse can be detected echocardiographically in many cases, there may not be significant regurgitation and symptoms in many of them. So we will see some of the features of mitral regurgitation.
Transcript of the video: Closure line of aortic valve on M-Mode echocardiogram, is seen as central line, while in bicuspid aortic valve, it is an eccentric closure, nearer to one of the walls of the aorta. That is an important feature of bicuspid aortic valve on M-Mode echocardiogram. This is due an ectopic beat.
In this view, you can see that mitral leaflets are thickened. This is anterior mitral leaflet, thickened, and in the closed position of mitral valve, when there should be no flow to the left atrium, you are seeing a jet, a mosaic jet, which has been traced out. This is the mitral regurgitation jet.
Transcript of the video: This is a still image from a colour Doppler echocardiogram, obtained from the apical five chamber view. Here, this is the forward flow through the mitral valve in diastole in red. Here also, the extent into the left atrium can be thought of as indicating severity of mitral regurgitation.
Transcript of the video: This is a still image of M-Mode Echocardiogram. Right ventricular outflow tract, left ventricle, left atrium, aorta, aortic valve, mitral valve. M-Mode is Time-Motion Mode. The horizontal axis is time. Vertical axis is distance from the transducer. In the inset you can see the two dimensional image.
Transcript of the video: This is a still image from a colour Doppler echocardiogram, obtained from the apical five chamber view. Here, this is the forward flow through the mitral valve in diastole in red. Here also, the extent into the left atrium can be thought of as indicating severity of mitral regurgitation.
Unlike the valves on the left side like the mitral and aortic, right sided valves can have some leak. That is, mild mitral regurgitation and mild aortic regurgitation are less common. Mostly, they are detected on highly sensitive tests like echocardiogram. In echocardiogram, the Doppler beam can detect this small leak.
Similarly, for echocardiogram, what we would do usually is, first we do a clinical history evaluation, then physical examination, and after that only we proceed with echocardiography in our routine work. You can see the two dimensional sector imaging from an echocardiogram and I have marked out the aorta. This could be a conus tissue.
The image shown here is an animated 2 dimensional echocardiogram. This one is an older mode known as time-motion mode or M-Mode echocardiogram. Tracing in the lower part is tissue Doppler imaging from the medial mitral annulus. Opening and closing movements of the aortic and mitral valves are visible.
Echocardiogram in parasternal long axis view shows dilated left ventricle, left atrium, aorta and a small portion of the right ventricle, which is usually the outflow region. Mitral valve leaflets seen in open position between the left ventricle and left atrium are thickened.
The post ectopic increase in the murmur is a hallmark of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, which differentiates it clinically from mitral valve prolapse. Echocardiography in HCM Important echocardiographic features include mitral regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
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