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male with pertinent past medical history including Atrial fibrillation, atrialflutter, cardiomyopathy, Pulmonary Embolism, and hypertension presented to the Emergency Department via ambulance for respiratory distress and tachycardia. Description : Regular Wide Complex Tachycardia at a rate of about 160.
She was noted to be in heart failure, with hypotension and tachycardia. Echocardiography demonstrated severe calcific mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension. She reverted to normal sinus rhythm with features of left atrial enlargement, a heart rate of 60/min and a prolonged corrected QT interval (474 ms) ( figure 1B ).
In all probability, this dilation is a form of atrialtachycardia and atrial cardiomyopathy. However, underlying lesions such as hypertension, mitral valve disease, COPD, ASD, and TR greatly influence the degree of atrial enlargement. We know atrialflutters can be confined to one atrium.
edits by Meyers A woman in her 60s with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation on Eliquis, ESRD on hemodialysis, type-II diabetes mellitus, prior CVA, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented to the emergency department with multiple complaints after missing dialysis. They are flutter waves, and the rhythm is 2:1 atrialflutter.
The rhythm is indeed irregularly irregular, so atrial fibrillation must be considered. There are 5 other rhythms that are irregularly irregular , though atrial fibrillation is by far the most common: 1. Multifocal AtrialTachycardia 2. Sinus with multifocal PACs 3. Sinus with multifocal PVCs 4.
The rhythm is 2:1 atrialflutter. The flutter waves can conceal or mimic ischemic repolarization findings, but here I don't see any obvious findings of OMI or subendocardial ischemia. Chronic RVH is due to chronic pulmonary hypertension, and these patients are extremely difficult to manage when they are acutely ill.
He was hypertensive and tachycardic, with mildly increased work of breathing. The rhythm differential for narrow, regular, and tachycardic is sinus rhythm, SVT (encompassing AVNRT, AVRT, atrial tach, etc), and atrialflutter (another supraventricular rhythm which is usually considered separately from SVTs).
Methods The primary effectiveness endpoint (PEE) was 12-month freedom from documented atrial fibrillation/atrialflutter/atrialtachycardia plus freedom from acute procedural failure, nonstudy catheter failure, repeat ablation failure, direct current cardioversion (DCCV), and Class I/III antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) failure.
Figure-1: While at first glance the rhythm in Figure-1 might be mistaken for sinus tachycardia in fact, this is not the rhythm. Instead there is 2:1 atrial activity that is best seen in lead V1 ( See Figure-2 ). This is the "Bix Rule" See Pearl #1 in Dr. Figure-2: Colored arrows highlight flutter waves , with 2:1 AV conduction.
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