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Here is his ED ECG at triage: Obvious high lateral OMI that does not quite meet STEMI criteria. Bedside cardiac ultrasound with no obvious wall motion abnormalities. Thus, angiography may be fairly accurate in determining lumen size, but it will not detect the “volume” of atherosclerosis present. He was started on nitro gtt.
There is an area of dense white in the middle of the circle consistent with atherosclerosis. They too have dense white masses consistent with coronary atherosclerosis. The cardiologist recognized that there were EKG changes, but did not take the patient for emergent catheterization because the EKG was “not meeting criteria for STEMI”.
The problem is difficult to study because angiographic visualization of arteries is not perfect, and not all angiograms employ intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to assess for unseen plaque or for plaque whose rupture and ulceration cannot be seen on angiogram. See "Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes related to atherosclerosis".)
This case was provided by Spencer Schwartz, an outstanding paramedic at Hennepin EMS who is on Hennepin EMS's specialized "P3" team, a team that receives extra training in advanced procedures such as RSI, thoracostomy, vasopressors, and prehospital ultrasound. Takotsubo is a sudden event, not one with crescendo angina.
This is a troponin I level that is almost exclusively seen in STEMI. So this is either a case of MINOCA, or a case of Type II STEMI. If the arrest had another etiology (such as old scar), and the ST elevation is due to severe shock, then it is a type II STEMI. I believe the latter (type II STEMI) is most likely.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection Dissection of a coronary artery may occur in the context of atherosclerosis, or be iatrogennic during angiography or angioplasty. A recent study found that SCAD causes almost 20% of STEMI in young women. examined SCAD presenting as STEMI (unlike Hassan et al. A study by Hassan et al.
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