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BackgroundProtruding aorticplaque is known to be associated with an increased risk for future cardiac and cerebrovascular events. Coronary plaque characteristics were compared to evaluate coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with protruding aorticplaque on computed tomography angiography.
The role of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which is the most abundant stable product of lipid peroxidation, in vascular calcification has been poorly investigated.METHODS:Serum was collected from patients with chronic kidneydisease and controls, and the levels of 4-HNE and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α were measured.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), caused by plaque buildup in arterial walls, is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide.1,2 1,2 ASCVD causes or contributes to conditions that include coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease (inclusive of aortic aneurysm).3
Additionally, 10% of the global population suffers from chronic kidneydisease , with diabetes and hypertension as significant risk factors. Disparities in care are also concerning, with diagnosed cardiometabolic diseases varying up to twofold among different racial and ethnic groups. In the U.S.,
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