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The commonest causes of MINOCA include: atherosclerotic causes such as plaque rupture or erosion with spontaneous thrombolysis, and non-atherosclerotic causes such as coronary vasospasm (sometimes called variant angina or Prinzmetal's angina), coronary embolism or thrombosis, possibly microvascular dysfunction.
Angina is another common symptom due the hypertrophy which causes a coronary supply demand mismatch Symptoms of HCM include syncope/near syncope, which could be precipitated by exertion, hypovolemia, rapid standing, Valsalva manoeuvre, diuretics, vasodilators or arrhythmia. Doppler echo showing LVOT gradient in HCM.
Takotsubo is a sudden event, not one with crescendo angina. Here is the cath report: Echocardiogram: There is severe hypokinesis of entire LV apex and apical segment of all the walls. An apical OMI has the same ultrasound findings as takotsubo, and thus mimics takotsubo. Learning Points: 1. Learn to Recognize Hyperacute T-waves 2.
Case continued Troponins over 26 hours, from right to left : Echocardiogram: Mild concentric left ventricular wall thickening, normal cavity size, and normal systolic function. By itself seeing this ECG pattern does not necessarily mean that the patient has a pulmonary embolism. The estimated left ventricular ejection fraction is 64%.
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