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A male in his 40's who had been discharged 6 hours prior after stenting of an inferoposterior STEMI had sudden severe SOB at home 2 hours prior to calling 911. He was in acute distress from pulmonary edema, with a BP of 180/110, pulse 110. Is this acute STEMI? Is this an acute STEMI? -- Unlikely! He had no chest pain.
Smith : Old inferior MI with persistent ST Elevation ("inferior aneurysm") has well-formed Q-waves. In inferior aneurysm, we usually see QR-waves, whereas for anterior aneurysm, we see QS-waves (no R- or r-wave at all!). So this NSTEMI was likely a STEMI(-)OMI with delayed reperfusion. Deutch et al.
The prehospital and ED computer interpretation was inferior STEMI: There’s normal sinus rhythm, first degree AV block and RBBB, normal axis and normal voltages. Smith comment: before reading anything else, this case screamed pulmonary embolism to me. The prehospital, ED computer, and final cardiology interpretation was STEMI negative.
This is a troponin I level that is almost exclusively seen in STEMI. The patient's heart had significant recovery: Echo : Estimated LVEF 32%, apical wall motion abnormality with diastolic distortion (LV aneurysm), suggestive of old MI. So this is either a case of MINOCA, or a case of Type II STEMI. Troponin I rose to 44.1
The only time you see this without ischemia is when there is an abnormal QRS, such as LVH, LBBB, LV aneurysm (old MI with persistent STE) or WPW." The computerized interpretation for this tracing was, “Sinus rhythm; Normal ECG” — and attention of acute care providers was apparently focused on attending to this patient’s pulmonary problems.
Thus, this is BOTH an anterior and inferior STEMI in the setting of RBBB. How old is this antero-inferior STEMI? Although acute anterior STEMI frequently has narrow QR-waves within one hour of onset (1. the presence of such well developed, wide, anterior Q-wave suggests completed transmural STEMI. Could it be acute (vs.
50% of LAD STEMIs do not have reciprocal findings in inferior leads, and many LAD OMIs instead have STE and/or HATWs in inferior leads instead. The ECG easily meets STEMI criteria in all leads V2-V6, as well. CT angiogram chest: no aortic dissection or pulmonary embolism. 24 yo woman with chest pain: Is this STEMI?
There are no Q-waves to suggest old inferior MI, or inferior aneurysm as the etiology of the ST Elevation. I suspect pulmonary edema, but we are not given information on presence of B-lines on bedside ultrasound, or CXR findings. Supply-demand mismatch can cause ST Elevation (Type 2 STEMI). Also see these posts of Type II STEMI.
His initial high sensitivity troponin I returned at 1300 ng/L and given that his cardiac workup was otherwise unremarkable, a CT was obtained to evaluate for pulmonary embolism and aortic aneurysm or dissection but this too was unrevealing. Also: electrical instability, pulmonary edema, or hypotension.
The cath lab was deactivated by cardiologist on arrival at ED because it was "not a STEMI". No thoracic aortic hematoma, aneurysm or dissection. No pulmonary embolism is identified. Pt received 324 ASA and 2 sprays of nitro with improvement. Cath lab was activated by EMS and transported emergent." Pain was decreased to 2/10.
When there are QS-waves, one should always think about LV aneurysm, but ST to QRS ratio and T-wave to QRS ratio are far too large and not compatible with left ventricular aneurysm. 50% of LAD STEMI have Q-waves by one hour. There is some R wave in the lateral precordial leads. Leads V3 and V4 both have 6mm ST elevation.
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