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Clinical introduction A man in his 40s with a history of hyperlipidaemia presented with intermittent, dull left-sided chestpain for 2 weeks that was not consistently exertional. Physical examination, an ECG, basic laboratories and a chest X-ray were unremarkable. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed ( figure 1 ).
The medics stated he had been nauseated and diaphoretic, but he did not have any chestpain or SOB. The only alternative is old inferior MI with persistent ST-Elevation, or inferior aneurysm morphology. Unlike anterior aneurysm, a QS-wave is uncommon. He had a prehospital ECG. He was ambulatory at the scene.
Previous medical interventions included a spectrum of procedures, including catheter-directed thrombectomy for popliteal artery aneurysms with thrombosis, vascular bypass grafting for cerebral-anterior communicating artery aneurysms and arch replacement and stent implantation for aortic dissecting aneurysms.
He had no chestpain. The computer read is: **Acute MI ** The protocol for prehospital activation in the EMS system that this patient presented to requires 2 elements: 1) Chestpain 2) A computer read of **Acute MI ** Only 1 of 2 was present, so there was no prehospital activation. The patient was transported to the ED.
He arrived to the ED by helicopter at 1507, about three hours after the start of his chestpain while chopping wood around noon. He arrived to the ED by ambulance at 1529, only a half hour after the start of his chestpain around 1500 while eating. Patient 2 , EKG 1: What do you think?
This 54 year old patient with a history of kidney transplant with poor transplant function had been vomiting all day when at 10 PM he developed severe substernal crushing chestpain. He presented to the Emergency Department with a blood pressure of 111/66 and a pulse of 117. He had this ECG recorded.
Submitted and written by Alex Bracey with edits by Pendell Meyers and Steve Smith Case A 50ish year old man with a history of CAD w/ prior LAD MI s/p LAD stenting presented to the ED with chestpain similar to his prior MI, but worse. The pain initially started the day prior to presentation. The ST elevation from today is ~0.2
3 hours prior to calling 911 he developed typical chestpain. The old ECG has a Q-wave with persistent ST elevation in lead III, and some reciprocal ST depression (typical for aneurysm morphology). This is "Persistent ST elevation after previous MI" or "LV aneurysm morphology". Transient ST elevation is very hazardous.
But the well-formed Q-wave and the presence of a normal T-wave in inferior leads led me to believe this was Old Inferior MI with persistent ST Elevation, otherwise known as inferior LV aneurysm. Anterior LV aneurysm is much easier to recognize because the Q-wave is usually a QS-wave (no R-wave at all), in at least one lead.
No patient with chestpain should be sent home without troponin testing. An echocardiogram showed severely reduced global systolic function with an EF of 20-25% and an LV apical thrombus. The LV aneurysm morphology persists. An echocardiogram showed an EF of 20-25%. This is the RAO caudal projection.
Case 1 A middle aged woman presented with acute chestpain and shortness of breath, unclear time since onset, and likely with episodic symptoms off and on throughout the day. QS waves from V2-V5 consistent with LV aneurysm morphology. Submitted by anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers. Additional case by Smith.
What do you think of this ECG in a patient with chestpain? Case history A middle-aged woman with a history of HTN, but no prior CAD, presented to the ED with chestpain. The pain had been mild and intermittent for 2 weeks, but had become more intense on the night of presentation. Is the ST elevation due to LVH?
Case A 39-year-old male without prior medical history presents with chestpain that started 2 hours prior to presentation. He says that the pain intensity was 10/10 at home but now about 4/10. Despite the clinical stability and decreasing pain, this patient needs an immediate angiogram. Here are his publications.)
A man in his 60's presented after 4 days of chestpain, with some increase of pain on the day of presentation. Exact pain history was difficult to ascertain. An echocardiogram showed no hemopericardium, but D oppler showed a new small ventricular septal defect with left to right shunting. There was some SOB.
You might think it is "Old MI with persistent ST Elevation" (otherwise known as "LV aneurysm" morphology.") That is a reasonable thought, but we have shown that if there is one lead of V1-V4 with a T/QRS ratio greater than 0.36, then it is STEMI, not LV aneurysm. What's the story?"
Look for Vascular Etiology -- think of these while doing H and P: --Bleeding: ruptured AAA, GI bleed, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, other spontaneous bleed such as mesenteric aneurysms. Aortic Dissection, Valvular (especially Aortic Stenosis), Tamponade. Most physicians will automatically be worried about these symptoms.
A 69 year old woman with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department by EMS for evaluation of chestpain and shortness of breath. She awoke in the morning with sharp chestpain which worsened throughout the morning. As her pain worsened, so did her dyspnea. This was written by Hans Helseth.
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