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Anatomy of the aortic segmental arteries—the fundamentals of preventing spinal cord ischemia in aortic aneurysm repair

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

ObjectiveSpinal cord ischemia due to damage or occlusion of the orifices of aortic segmental arteries (ASA) is a serious complication of open and endovascular aortic repair. Furthermore, it aids in planning and conducting safe aortic intervention and assists in deciding on single- or two-staged stent graft procedures.

Aortic 40
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A 50-something with chest pain. Is there OMI? And what is the rhythm?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

The fact that R waves 2 through 6 are junctional does make ischemia more difficult to interpret -- but not impossible. Back to the assessment of ischemia: Returning to the ECG, the leads that catch my eye first are -- I, II, V4, V5, V6. Ischemia can be disguised by a wide escape rhythm, which decreases the sensitivity of ECG.

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What can you find with continuous ST monitoring in the ED?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

The RCA was stented successfully with TIMI III flow noted post-procedure and the patient has done well with a post-PCI TTE demonstrating good LVEF and no wall motion abnormality. A good size infarct that no longer has active ischemia will have continually rising troponins due to the damage that was done hours ago.

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Inferior Subtle ST elevation: straight ST segment, but also no reciprocal ST depression in aVL: which is more important?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

60-something with h/o MI and stents presented with chest pain radiating to the back and nausea/vomiting. It was stented. The patient had a p rior h istory of MI + stents. More likely, these T waves probably reflect ischemia of uncertain age. Time zero What do you think? There is inferior ST elevation. Pericarditis?

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5 Cardiologists said this is not a STEMI. But was it an OMI?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

They found 100% acute mid-LAD Occlusion MI, stented with excellent angiographic result. Ongoing ischemia (by symptoms, ECG, or troponin) despite maximal medical management is an indication for emergent cath lab activation. == MY Comment by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 8/15/2019 ): == Once again, the w rong q uestion was a sked in this case.

STEMI 52
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3 days of shoulder and chest pain, and now cardiogenic shock

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

This is ischemia until proven otherwise. A fixed stenosis in that other artery, especially in the context of hypotension from the occlusion of the first coronary artery, can lead to ischemia and very poor LV function and worsening shock. I learned that the patient is on Sotalol for control of PVCs. This explains the long QT.

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A young patient with diminishing pain with a subtle but diagnostic ECG.

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Compare to the anatomy after stenting: The lower of the 2 now easily seen branches is the circumflex, now with excellent flow. Ischemic ST-Segment Depression Maximal in V1-V4 (Versus V5-V6) of Any Amplitude Is Specific for Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (Versus Nonocclusive Ischemia). The patient recovered well. 121.022866.