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Atrial arrhythmia and heart failure in congenital heart disease: a pas de deux with consequences

Heart BMJ

In adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD patients), atrial arrhythmias (AA) and heart failure (HF) are common. 1 Factors related to congenital heart disease, such as underlying anatomy, surgical repair technique and scars, can all be considered as AA substrates.

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Right Heart Catheterization in Tetralogy of Fallot

All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Right Heart Catheterization in Tetralogy of Fallot With the availability of high resolution echocardiographic images and Doppler echocardiography, role of cardiac catheterization has come down in tetralogy of Fallot and other congenital heart diseases in general. If McGoon’s ratio is below 0.8, References Wagdy R.