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Altered Mental Status, Bradycardia == MY Comment , by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 2/2 /2024 ): == Dr. Meyers began today’s case with the clinical challenge of asking you to identify the underlying cause of ECG #2. -- Read this ECG -- Osborn Waves and Hypothermia (this is the "Figure" above) What does LBBB look like in severe hypothermia?
Her vital signs were within normal limits except for bradycardia at 55 bpm. It is probably sinus bradycardia with very small/depressed P-waves and prolonged PR interval. P EARL # 4 In my opinion, it is not worth wasting time trying to figure out the specific rhythm diagnosis of a bradycardia when there is hyperkalemia.
during which sinus bradycardia and arrhythmia are seen but not to a degree that produces symptoms. Thus, there is sinus bradycardia and arrhythmia sinus pauses ( which may be longlasting, ultimately leading to sinus arrest ) and SA nodal block. New slow AFib reflects a combination of these rhythm problems. second in duration.
There are 3 etiologies I always think of with bradycardia and AV block: 1. There was no evidence of ischemia. C linical P oints R egarding E CG # 1 : We are told that the patient is a middle-aged woman and that she previously had been in AFib with LBBB. She could even have developed asystole. Hyperkalemia. Her K was normal 3.
. = My Comment by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 3/15 /2023 ): = I found today’s case highly instructive in highlighting a number of important aspects regarding the presentation and initial treatment of a patient who presents to the ED with new AFib. I focus my comment on a few additional aspects regarding new AFib.
The ECG shows sinus tachycardia with RBBB and LAFB, without clear additional superimposed signs of ischemia. Other Arrhythmias ( PACs, PVCs, AFib, Bradycardia and AV conduction disorders — potentially lethal VT/VFib ). Chest trauma was suspected on initial exam. Here is his initial ECG around 1330: What do you think?
Here was my answer: "Not ischemia. Instead — my thoughts were as follows: The rhythm is sinus , with marked bradycardia and a component of sinus arrhythmia. WPW Cardiac arrhythmias ( especially AFib ). This was texted to me in real time. The patient has acute chest pain. What do you think? Maybe HOCM or another form of LVH.
These include ( among others ) — acute febrile illness — variations in autonomic tone — hypothermia — ischemia-infarction — malignant arrhythmias — cardiac arrest — and especially Hyperkalemia. Other Arrhythmias ( PACs, PVCs, AFib, Bradycardia and AV conduction disorders — potentially lethal VT/VFib ).
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