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Distinction of PMVT vs VFib is an academic one in this case ). There was no evidence bradycardia leading up to the runs of PMVT ( as tends to occur with Torsades ). With longterm use there may be — bradycardia, AV conduction defects and risk of Torsades de Pointes ( especially in patients also on Digoxin ).
Unfortunately ,there appears to be a herd mentality, gradually creeping in to many of us, to jump over from traditional RV /RA pacing to the bundle branch area pacing , as an alternative to CRT or even regular bradycardia pacing. There is less compelling academic reasons for this change, than we think.
Here is his ED ECG: There is bradycardia with a junctional escape. We recorded an ECG in which V1-V3 were put in the position of V4R-V6R, and V4-6 were placed in V7-9 to (academically) confirm posterior OMI. I say academically because the STD in V2 is diagnostic -- posterior leads are NOT necessary. What is the atrial activity?
2] Exotic ECG findings – in this case, PR-interval shortening – make for excellent academic inquiry, but should never be a point of distraction from pathognomonic occlusive coronary disease. This was all very alarming because his baseline routine, otherwise, is unencumbered as he reports a usually high exertional tolerance.
There are 3 etiologies I always think of with bradycardia and AV block: 1. In the interest of academic discussion Ill present a nother p erspective on selected aspects this case. She could even have developed asystole. Medications -- she had been on metoprolol for 4 years at the same dose, so this is unlikely to be the etiology 2.
That said — rhythm interpretation here is more of an academic interest — as the most striking findings are the widespread T-wave inversions and QT prolongation. Note: The patient while on telemetry had alternating atrial fibrillation, sinus rhythm with 1st degree AV block and also periods of Wenckebach conduction.
The patient later settled into sinus bradycardia. The amiodarone was discontinued and the patient did well. == MY Comment , by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 6/23 /2023 ): == From an academic standpoint — I love WCT ( W ide- C omplex T achycardia ) rhythms.
During the night, while on telemetry, the patient became bradycardic, with periods of isorhythmic AV dissociation (nodal escape rhythm alternating with sinus bradycardia), and there were sporadic PVCs. This distinction is more than academic — because both treatment and the response to therapy tend to be different with these 2 entities.
PEARL #2 — Distinction between PMVT vs Torsades is more than academic. This is especially true when the rhythm in question manifests the shifting QRS polarity around the baseline (ie, “twisting of the points” ) that is characteristic of Torsades. Both treatment and the response to therapy tends to be different with these 2 entities.
Additionally, her beta-blocker dose had been decreased because of bradycardia, further predisposing her to atrial flutter. Follow - up: Further discussion with the patient revealed that they had misunderstood the flecainide dosing, and had basically tripled their dose!
PVCs N ot generally considered abnormal ECG findings: Isolated PAC, First Degree AV Block, Sinus bradycardia at a rate of 35-45, and Nonspecific ST-T abnormalities (even if different from a previous ECG). Thus, if there is documented sinus bradycardia, and no suspicion of high grade AV block, at the time of the syncope, this is very useful.
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