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2 middle aged males presented with chestpain. Which had the more severe chestpain at the time of the ECG? Patient 2 at the bottom with a very subtle OMI complained of 10/10 chestpain at the time the ECG was recorded. 414 patients were included in the analysis.
I came to work one day and one of my partners said, "Hey, Steve, we had a STEMI this afternoon!" Of course he said: "Yes, it was a 60 year old diabetic with Chestpain." That is not a STEMI. They had activated the cath lab and the interventionalist did not notice that it was not a STEMI/OMI. He said: "What?
This was sent by anonymous The patient is a 55-year-old male who presented to the emergency department after approximately 3 to 4 days of intermittent central boring chestpain initially responsive to nitroglycerin, but is now more constant and not responsive to nitroglycerin. It is unknown when this pain recurred and became constant.
Written by Jesse McLaren A 45 year old presented with two weeks of recurring non-exertional chestpain, now constant for an hour. Because of the ECG changes in a patient with chestpain, and with inferolateral hypokinesis on POCUS, the cath lab was activated. Below is old and then new ECG (old on top; new below).
Written by Pendell Meyers A man in his 60s presented with acute chestpain and normal vital signs. Its hard to measure the STE in I exactly with the moving baseline, but there is almost certainly not enough STE to meet STEMI criteria. Here is his triage ECG: What do you think? They are symmetric, fat, convex on both sides, etc.
A 50-something male had onset of chestpain 1 hour prior to ED arrival. Endorses some associated SOB, but denies back pain, fever, cough, chills, leg swelling, or other new symptoms. It was tested on a large database of known outcomes and was more than twice as senstivity as STEMI criteria and much better than cardiologists.
Sent by anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers, reviewed by Smith and Grauer A man in his 40s presented to the ED with HTN, DM, and smoking history for evaluation of acute chestpain. He was eating lunch when he had sudden onset chest pressure, 9/10, radiating to his back, with sweating and numbness in both hands.
Written by Jesse McLaren A 50 year old presented to triage with one hour of chestpain, and the following ECG labeled normal by the computer (GE Marquette SL) algorithm. Smith comment: we showed that the first troponin, even in full-blown STEMI, is negative 25% of the time. What do you think?
Written by Pendell Meyers A man in his late 30s with history of hypertension, tobacco use, and obesity presented to the Emergency Department for acute chestpain which started approximately 3 hours prior to arrival, in the setting of a very stressful situation. The pain radiated down both arms, 10/10 in severity.
Written by Jesse McLaren Four patients presented with chestpain. 4,5] We have now formally studied this question: Emergency department Code STEMI patients with initial electrocardiogram labeled ‘normal’ by computer interpretation: a 7-year retrospective review.[6]
Written by Jesse McLaren A previously healthy 60 year old developed exertional chestpain with diaphoresis, and called EMS. So while there’s no diagnostic STEMI criteria, there are multiple ischemic abnormalities in 11/12 leads involving QRS, ST and T waves, which are diagnostic of a proximal LAD occlusion. What do you think?
This was sent by Sam Ghali @EM_RESUS A 44 year old man presented with chestpain The tech came running with the ECG as the computer called "STEMI!" So signed it NO STEMI and triaged him OK to not be in RESUS." What do you think? Sam sent this to me and asked: "What do you think, Steve?" My answer: --Tough one! --But
A 50 year old presented to the emergency department of a remote rural community (where the nearest cath lab is a plane ride away) with one hour of mild chestpain radiating to the back and jaw, and an ECG labeled ‘normal’ by the computer interpretation. What do you think, and how would you manage the patient?
Written by Jesse McLaren, comments by Smith A 55 year old with a history of NSTEMI presented with two hours of exertional chestpain, with normal vitals. See these posts: ChestPain, ST Elevation, and an Elevated Troponin: Should we Activate the Cath Lab? So this NSTEMI was likely a STEMI(-)OMI with delayed reperfusion.
A 60 yo with 2 previous inferior (RCA) STEMIs, stented, called 911 for one hour of chestpain. Here is his most recent previous ECG: This was recorded after intervention for inferior STEMI (with massive ST Elevation, see below), and shows inferior Q-waves with T-wave inversion typical of completed inferior OMI.
Written by Magnus Nossen with Edits by Grauer and Smith The ECGs in today’s case are from 3 different patients all presenting with new-onset CP ( ChestPain ). It definitely does not fulfill STEMI criteria, and I would argue that it would not lead to cath lab activation in most centers. The ECG shows ST depression in lead V3.
Written by Pendell Meyers A man in his early 40s experienced acute onset chestpain. The chestpain started about 24 hours ago, but there was no detailed information available about whether his pain had come and gone, or what prompted him to be evaluated 24 hours after onset. And yet it still says "normal".
A 40-something male presented by ambulance with one hour of chestpain that was improving after sublingual nitroglycerine and 325 mg of aspirin, chewed. Here it is: Obvious Inferior Posterior STEMI (+) OMI. Initial troponin was: 3 ng/L We showed that the first troponin in acute STEMI is often negative in at least 27%.
Written by Jesse McLaren Two 70 year olds had acute chestpain with nausea and shortness of breath, and called paramedics. There’s inferior ST depression which is reciprocal to subtle lateral convex ST elevation, and the precordial T waves are subtly hyperacute – all concerning for STEMI(-)OMI of proximal LAD.
Written by Jesse McLaren A previously healthy 50 year-old presented with 24 hours of intermittent exertional chestpain, radiating to the arms and associated with shortness of breath. In a previously healthy patient with new and ongoing chestpain, this is concerning for acute occlusion of the first diagonal artery.
A 67 yo f developed chestpain this morning." Cath lab declined as it is not a STEMI." And now this finding is even formally endorsed as a "STEMI equivalent" in the 2022 ACC guidelines!!! Another myocardial wall is sacrificed at the altar of the STEMI/NonSTEMI mindset. See this case: A man his 50s with chestpain.
Submitted by Dr. Dennis Cho (@DennisCho), written by Jesse McLaren A 70-year-old with no cardiac history presented with 2 hours of chestpain radiating to the neck, associated with shortness of breath. Fortunately, Dr. Cho was not looking for STEMI ECG criteria but for an acute coronary occlusion. OMI or STEMI?
Let me tell you about her hospitalization, discharged 1 day prior, but it was at another hospital (I wish I had the ECG from that hospitalization): The patient is 40 years old and presented to another hospital with chestpain and SOB. She had been sitting doing work when she experienced "waves of chest tightness". Sats were 88%.
Sent by anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers A man in his 50s with no prior known medical history presented to the Emergency Department with severe intermittent chestpain. He denied any lightheadedness, shortness of breath, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Barely any STE, and thus not meeting STEMI criteria.
Written by Jesse McLaren A 70 year old with prior MIs and stents to LAD and RCA presented to the emergency department with 2 weeks of increasing exertional chestpain radiating to the left arm, associated with nausea. I sent this to the Queen of Hearts So the ECG is both STEMI negative and has no subtle diagnostic signs of occlusion.
There were no injuries and no chestpain and he appeared well. He complained of 3 days of diarrhea and abdominal pain. Jason was very skeptical of STEMI. This also argues against STEMI. Look for old ECGs Do serial ECGs Do echocardiography June 17, 2016 Anterior STEMI? There was no chestpain.
These tall T waves are associated with flattening ( straightening ) of the ST segment in the inferior leads — with slight S T elevation in leads V2-thru-V6 ( albeit not enough to qualify as a "STEMI" — Akbar et al, StatPearls, 2023 ). This point is discussed in detail in the March 24, 2023 post of Dr. Smith’s ECG Blog ).
Written by Bobby Nicholson, MD 67 year old male with history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to the Emergency Department via ambulance with midsternal nonradiating chestpain and dyspnea on exertion. Pain improved to 1/10 after EMS administers 324 mg aspirin and the following EKG is obtained at triage.
Case sent by Logan Stark MD, written by Pendell Meyers A woman in her 70s presented with acute chestpain. It started 10 hours prior to arrival, then had improved, then recently returned. No prior ECG was available. Here is her triage ECG: What do you think? The ECG was sent to me with no information, and I replied "OMI".
Sent by anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers A man in his 60s presented with acute chestpain with diaphoresis. Diagnosis: Acute non-ST segment elevation MI (Non-STEMI, or NSTEMI) Second troponin returned at around 0200: 15,894 ng/L 0245 (unclear if ongoing pain or not) Inferoposterior (and lateral V5-6) reperfusion findings.
This is diagnostic of infero-posterior OMI, but it is falsely negative by STEMI criteria and with falsely negative posterior leads (though they do show mild ST elevation in V4R). Because the patient had no chestpain or shortness of breath, they were initially diagnosed as gastroenteritis. Potassium was normal. Take home 1.
Written by Jesse McLaren, with comments from Smith A 50-year old patient on the medical wards developed acute chestpain, with an ECG labeled (see computer interpretation at the top) and confirmed as normal. In the STEMI paradigm, patients with ischemic symptoms and ECGs that don’t meet STEMI criteria get serial ECGs.
Written by Jesse McLaren, with edits from Smith A 30 year old with a history of diabetes presented with two days of intermittent chestpain and diaphoresis, which recurred two hours prior to presentation. It was signed off by an emergency physician as “STEMI negative” because it did not meet STEMI criteria.
link] == MY Comment, by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 8/6 /2023 ): == Brilliant talk by Dr. Smith on the state of the art addressing the “need for OMI — and the fallacy of STEMI”. The current STEMI paradigm that continues to be followed by all-too-many clinicians ( including all-too-many cardiologists ) is fallacious.
Shortly after receiving epinephrine, the patient developed new leg cramps and chestpain. The chestpain was described as sharp and radiated to both arms. During active chestpain an ECG was recorded: Meyers ECG interpretation: Sinus tachycardia, normal QRS complex, STD in V2-V6, I, II, III and aVF.
Submitted and written by Anonymous, edits by Meyers and Smith A 50s-year-old patient with no known cardiac history presented at 0045 with three hours of unrelenting central chestpain. The pain was heavy, radiated to her jaw with an associated headache. Triage VS: 135/65 mmHg, 95 bpm, 94% on room air, 16/min, 98.6 Lupu L, et al.
I knew that, if the patient had presented with chest discomfort, that this ECG is diagnostic of inferior posterior OMI, even though it is not a STEMI. Instead, in view of the history of new chestpain — it is the sum total of 11/12 leads showing subtle-but-real ECG findings that have to be taken as acute until proven otherwise.
No prior exertional complaints of chestpain, dizziness, lightheadedness, or undue shortness of breath. He denied headache or neck pain associated with exertion. 50% of LAD STEMIs do not have reciprocal findings in inferior leads, and many LAD OMIs instead have STE and/or HATWs in inferior leads instead. Pericarditis?
Healthy male under 25 years old with a pretty good story for acute onset crushing chestpain relieved with nitro. Smith and Meyers to diagnose both obvious (STEMI) and subtle OMI. But the stuttering pain and sudden onset suggest acute coronary occlusion (Occlusion MI, or OMI). No pericardial effusion on ultrasound."
Recall from this post referencing this study that "reciprocal STD in aVL is highly sensitive for inferior OMI (far better than STEMI criteria) and excludes pericarditis, but is not specific for OMI." See this case: Persistent ChestPain, an Elevated Troponin, and a Normal ECG. A patient with OMI can have a totally normal ECG!"
Sent by Dan Singer MD, written by Meyers, edits by Smith A man in his late 30s presented with acute chestpain and normal vitals except tachycardia at about 115 bpm. Dr. Singer sent this to me with just the information: "~40 year old with acute chestpain". Anxiety is a common cause of chestpain with tachycardia.
Sent by Anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers A man in his 60s with history of CAD and 2 prior stents presented to the ED complaining of acute heavy substernal chestpain that began while eating breakfast about an hour ago, and had been persistent since then, despite EMS administering aspirin and nitroglycerin.
Algorithm: Veritas (on Mortara machines) The Queen gets it right Case 2 A middle-aged woman with chestpain and a "normal" ECG in triage. Unknown algorithm The Queen gets it right Case 4 How unreliable are computer algorithms in the Diagnosis of STEMI? Pain was resolving. The OMI was not seen and she arrested in triage.
Submitted and written by Megan Lieb, DO with edits by Bracey, Smith, Meyers, and Grauer A 50-ish year old man with ICD presented to the emergency department with substernal chestpain for 3 hours prior to arrival. At this time he reported ongoing chestpain and was given aspirin and nitroglycerin.
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