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Management and outcomes of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a systematic review of the literature

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Methods The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed when we extensively searched three electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, for studies that compared conservative vs. invasive revascularization treatment outcomes for patients with SCAD from 2003 to 2023.

SCAD 75
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Is OMI an ECG Diagnosis?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

I sent this to the Queen of Hearts So the ECG is both STEMI negative and has no subtle diagnostic signs of occlusion. Non-STEMI guidelines call for “urgent/immediate invasive strategy is indicated in patients with NSTE-ACS who have refractory angina or hemodynamic or electrical instability,” regardless of ECG findings.[1]

STEMI 120
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Why the sudden shock after a few days of malaise?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

It has been estimated that in the aggregate, they occur at a rate of about 3 per 1000 patients with acute MI, and most of these events occur in patients with STEMI. A mong patients with STEMI, ventricular septal rupture is the most common and free wall rupture is the least common.

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Concerning EKG with a Non-obstructive angiogram. What happened?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

The commonest causes of MINOCA include: atherosclerotic causes such as plaque rupture or erosion with spontaneous thrombolysis, and non-atherosclerotic causes such as coronary vasospasm (sometimes called variant angina or Prinzmetal's angina), coronary embolism or thrombosis, possibly microvascular dysfunction.

Plaque 123
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Three normal high sensitivity troponins over 4 hours with a "normal ECG"

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Thus, the patient does not (yet) get a formal diagnosis of MI and must be called unstable angina unless further troponins return above the 99th percentile. On the basis of unresolved angina, cardiology decided to perform rescue PCI. Medically refractory angina should have immediate angiography, but this only happens 6.4%

Angina 111
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Dynamic OMI ECG. Negative trops and negative angiogram does not rule out coronary ischemia or ACS.

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Here is his ED ECG at triage: Obvious high lateral OMI that does not quite meet STEMI criteria. For more on MINOCA — See My Comment in the November 16, 2023 post in Dr. Smith's ECG Blog ). He does have a recently diagnosed PE, and has not been taking his anticoagulation due to cost. He was started on nitro gtt.

Ischemia 119
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A 30-something woman with intermittent CP, a HEART score of 2 and a Negative CT Coronary Angiogram on the same day

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Later, she developed chest pain again, and had this ECG recorded: Obvious Anterior OMI that is also a STEMI Coronary angiogram- --Right dominant coronary artery system --The left main artery was normal in appearance and free of obstructive disease. --The Thus, Wellens' syndrome should be thought of as a transient OMI or transient STEMI.