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The perplexing landscape of angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) encompasses diverse pathophysiological entities, including coronary microvascular disease (CMD), coronary artery spasm, and the enigmatic myocardial bridging (MB). Original article: Sinha A et al. Circ Cardiovasc Interv.
The ORBITA-2 trial ( NCT03742050 ) investigated the efficacy of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) compared to placebo in 301 patients with stable angina. Results revealed ischemia in one cardiac territory in 80% of patients, two territories in 17%, and three territories in 2%. 2023;Epub ahead of print. N Engl J Med.
This confirms that the pain was ischemia and is now resovled. For more on MINOCA — See My Comment in the November 16, 2023 post in Dr. Smith's ECG Blog ). The cardiology fellow agreed with plan for emergent cath and escorted the patient to the cath lab. The i nitial hs troponin I returned 75%.
After a series of experiments in animals and peripheral vessels, he proved with a single patient N-1 study that effectively treated refractory LAD angina in a 38-year-old man in 1977. No one has questioned the efficacy of PCI for true angina with a critical lesion. ORBITA-2 came in 2023. 2023 Dec 21;389(25):2319-2330.
Whether stenting a narrowed coronary artery improves symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath is a very different question. Share Angina The classic definition of angina involves the sensation of tightness in the centre of the chest that is brought on with exertion and is relieved with rest. The result?
The baseline ECG is basically normal with no ischemia. You can see in the lead-specific analysis that she "sees" the STD in V5, V5, and II, with STE in aVR as signs of "Not OMI", because subendocardial ischemia pattern is not the same as OMI. In my opinion, I think it looks more like subendocardial ischemia.
This proves effective treatment of the recurrent ischemia. The patient had no further symptoms of ischemia. Serial EKG is very high yield diagnostic test in patients with stuttering angina. EKG 3 is diagnostic for developing re-occlusion, and EKG 4 proves that the nitrates relieved the ischemia. =
Non-STEMI guidelines call for “urgent/immediate invasive strategy is indicated in patients with NSTE-ACS who have refractory angina or hemodynamic or electrical instability,” regardless of ECG findings.[1] 1] European guidelines add "regardless of biomarkers". But only 6.4% Eur Heart J Digital Health 2024 5. McLaren and Smith.
Because previous ischemia induces myocardial preconditioning, decreasing the likelihood of transmural myocardial necrosis and myocardial rupture, patients with evidence of diabetes mellitus, chronic angina or previous MI are less likely to experience a rupture.
As of June 2023, the U.S. mg reduced the risk of cardiovascular death, MI or heart attack, ischemic stroke, or ischemia-driven coronary revascularization by 31% compared with placebo.34 The benefit was most significant in reducing the incidence of stroke and angina requiring revascularization.35 Accessed November 8, 2023.
24 will focus on the following three current guideline updates: American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines 2023 Atrial Fibrillation Guideline - Pharmacology II: Strokes vs. Bleeds, What Do the Guidelines Tell Us About Practical Management in A-fib? The Guidelines Sessions at ACC.24
Additional Teaching Points: Type-2 MI ( M yocardial I nfarction ) — is defined by an increase in troponin with evidence of ischemia that is not due acute coronary disease, but which instead results from a mismatch in oxygen supply and demand ( Smilowitz et al — Coron Artery Dis 29(1):46-52, 2018 ).
Typical angina was defined as a symptom complex that includes substernal chest pressure or pain that was made worse with exertion/emotional stress, and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Atypical angina is classified as having any two of the three symptoms, and non-anginal pain any one of the three symptoms. This happens. But its rare!
Session 510) To Treat or Not to Treat Anatomy and Ischemia? Session 508) Battle of the Imagers - Jeopardy Edition! Session 509) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire in Eradicating Vascular Medicine Disparities?
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