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Krantz et al authored a State-of-the-Art Review on Cardiovascular Complications of Opioid Use ( JACC 77(2):205-223, 2021 ) — in which mechanisms from Opioid Overdose that detail arrhythmia production ( up to cardiacarrest ) are elucidated — thereby providing an explanation for the unusual arrhythmias in today's case.
That said — obvious findings include: i ) Marked bradycardia! — Unfortunately, before this could be accomplished — the patient went into cardiacarrest. She was successfully resuscitated — with a post-arrest rhythm similar to that seen in Figure-1. Cardiac cath did not reveal significant coronary disease!
Management of calcium channel toxicity i s complex — with cardiovascular collapse, conduction defects and various bradyarrhythmias ( including the asystolic arrest experienced by today's patient ) among the common problems encountered. Laddergram Illustration: The mechanism of AV block in ECG #2 is complex.
There was no evidence bradycardia leading up to the runs of PMVT ( as tends to occur with Torsades ). If there had been — a temporary atrial pacemaker could have been considered as a way of increasing the heart rate to suppress a bradycardia-dependent arrhythmia ("overdrive pacing").
Hyperkalemia causes peaked T waves and the "killer B's of hyperkalemia", including bradycardia, broad QRS complexes, blocks of the AV node and bundle branches, Brugada morphology, and otherwise bizarre morphology including sine wave. Steve, what do you think of this ECG in this CardiacArrest Patient?" With a twist.
The patient was unconscious BEFORE the cardiacarrest, at the same time that she had strong pulses. Therefore, cardiacarrest is NOT the etiology of the coma. More cases here to highlight: [link] Middle Aged Woman with Asystolic CardiacArrest, Resuscitated: Cath Lab? OMI is a clinical diagnosis.
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