Coronary Artery Disease Journal

JUNE 10, 2024

Background Despite improvements in outcomes of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ventricular septal rupture (VSR) remains a known complication, carrying high mortality. The contemporary incidence, mortality, and management of post-STEMI VSR remains unclear. and 10 ± 1.2%

Myocardial Infarction 40

Myocardial Infarction STEMI Outcomes Inpatient 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 31, 2020

Their OMI Manifesto details how use of standard STEMI criteria results in an unacceptable level of inaccuracy, in which an estimated 25-30% of acute coronary occlusions are missed! The article by Aslanger, Smith et al that is featured above in today’s post has just been published.

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STEMI Article Chest Pain Blog 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 18, 2024

I sent this to the Queen of Hearts So the ECG is both STEMI negative and has no subtle diagnostic signs of occlusion. Non-STEMI guidelines call for “urgent/immediate invasive strategy is indicated in patients with NSTE-ACS who have refractory angina or hemodynamic or electrical instability,” regardless of ECG findings.[1]

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STEMI Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction Stents 119

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 13, 2023

There’s inferior ST depression which is reciprocal to subtle lateral convex ST elevation, and the precordial T waves are subtly hyperacute – all concerning for STEMI(-)OMI of proximal LAD. There’s ST elevation I/aVL/V2 that meet STEMI criteria. This is obvious STEMI(+)OMI of proximal LAD. Non-STEMI or STEMI(-)OMI?

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain STEMI Myocardial Infarction Electrocardiogram 52

Coronary Artery Disease Journal

MAY 29, 2024

Background Despite advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in-hospital mortality remains a concern, highlighting the need for the identification of additional risk factors such as serum iron levels. μmol/L) and a control group (Fe ≥7.8 μmol/L).

Myocardial Infarction 40

Myocardial Infarction Hospital STEMI Risk Factors 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 21, 2023

ECG met STEMI criteria and was labeled STEMI by computer interpretation. J waves can also be induced by Occlusion MI (5), STEMI mimics including takotsubo and myocarditis complicated by ventricular arrhythmias (6, 7), and subarachnoid hemorrhage with VF (8). Take home : Not all STEs are STEMIs or OMIs. What do you think?

STEMI 52

STEMI Bradycardia Arrhythmia Cardiac Arrest 52

Open Heart

NOVEMBER 20, 2023

Data were fitted to segmented regression models with March 2020 as the breakpoint. Data on 21 001 patients were included (7057 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 7649 non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 6295 unstable angina).

COVID-19 52

COVID-19 Hospital Angina Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 22, 2024

EKG from triage: Here is his previous ECG: Normal ST Elevation Resident's interpretation: Reperfusion pattern/Wellens' with biphasic T waves in V2 and V3, and in comparison to an EKG in 2020 this is new. Patient still not having chest pain however this is more concerning for OMI/STEMI. Labs ordered but not yet drawn. Aspirin given.

Chest Pain 119

Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction Anatomy Angina 119

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 15, 2023

associated typical Myocardial Infarction therapies such as statins and ACE inhibitors with significantly decreased 1 year mortality in MINOCA patients, which suggests that they do indeed have a similar pathophysiology to MI patients with obstructive coronary disease. MINOCA I do not have the bandwidth here to write a review of MINOCA.

Coronary Angiogram 100

Coronary Angiogram Plaque Thrombosis STEMI 100

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

JANUARY 7, 2024

Methods We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 during the execution of this review. The models were mainly constructed using data from individuals diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Myocardial Infarction 59

Myocardial Infarction STEMI Article Diabetes 59

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2023

Triage ECG (no prior for comparison): Computer algorithm read: "Sinus rhythm, low voltage QRS, inferior myocardial infarction, probably old." Post Cath ECG: Obviously completing MI with LVA morphology, and STE that meets STEMI criteria (but pt is still diagnosed as "NSTEMI"). Academic Emergency Medicine 27(S1): S220; May 2020.

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STEMI Myocardial Infarction Ischemia Academic 82

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 19, 2023

This is diagnostic of infero-posterior OMI, but it is falsely negative by STEMI criteria and with falsely negative posterior leads (though they do show mild ST elevation in V4R). They were less likely to have STEMI on ECG, and more likely to be initially diagnosed as non-ACS. Circulation 2007 2. Khan et al.

Chest Pain 82

Chest Pain STEMI Myocardial Infarction Blog 82

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 3, 2022

Step 1 to missing posterior MI is relying on the STEMI criteria. A prospective validation of STEMI criteria based on the first ED ECG found it was only 21% sensitive for Occlusion MI, and disproportionately missed inferoposterior OMI.[1] But it is still STEMI negative. A 15 lead ECG was done (below). In a study last year, 14.4%

STEMI 52

STEMI Myocardial Infarction Chest Pain Ischemia 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 30, 2023

There is an obvious inferior posterior STEMI(+) OMI. Literature cited In inferior myocardial infarction, neither ST elevation in lead V1 nor ST depression in lead I are reliable findings for the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction Johanna E. What is the atrial activity? Is it sinus arrest with junctional escape?

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Chest Pain Myocardial Infarction STEMI Cardiogenic Shock 78

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 23, 2023

Notice on the right side of the image how the algorithm correctly measures STE sufficient in V1 and V2 to meet STEMI criteria in a man older than age 40. As most would agree, this ECG shows highly specific findings of anterolateral OMI, even with STEMI criteria in this case. Thus, this is obvious STEMI(+) OMI until proven otherwise.

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Chest Pain STEMI Blog Stents 86

The British Journal of Cardiology

APRIL 16, 2024

We present the cumulative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) data of all comers (stable angina and acute coronary syndromes [ACS]) who presented to Hadi Clinic between January 2018 and December 2020. A total of 567 patients underwent coronary catheterisation for the three-year period between January 2018 and December 2020.

Outcomes 40

Outcomes Cardiogenic Shock Angina STEMI 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 12, 2020

Clin Chem [Internet] 2020;Available from: [link] Smith mini-review: Troponin in Emergency Department COVID patients Cardiac Troponin (cTn) is a nonspecific marker of myocardial injury. For this reason, some argue that it should not be measured in patients unless acute myocardial infarction is on the differential diagnosis.

Cardiac Arrest 52

Cardiac Arrest COVID-19 Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 1, 2022

They recorded a third ECG before intervention: No significant difference Angiogram : Impression and Recommendations: Culprit for the patient's non-ST elevation myocardial infarction is a thrombotic occlusion of the mid circumflex Formal Echo Normal left ventricular cavity size, normal wall thickness and normal LV systolic function.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain STEMI Myocardial Infarction Bradycardia 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 19, 2020

This is a troponin I level that is almost exclusively seen in STEMI. In this case, profound shock for 1 hour would result in the same degree of infarction. A followup ECG was recorded 2 days later: No definite evidence of infarction. So this is either a case of MINOCA, or a case of Type II STEMI. Troponin I rose to 44.1

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Defibrillator Circulation Plaque Cardiac Arrest 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 14, 2023

So we activated the Cath Lab Angiogram: Impression and Recommendations: Culprit for the patient's anterior ST segment myocardial infarction and out of hospital V-fib cardiac arrest is a thrombotic occlusion of the mid LAD The first troponin returned barely elevated at 36 ng/L (URL = 35) In our study of initial troponin in STEMI, 26.8%

Cardiac Arrest 85

Cardiac Arrest Chest Pain Defibrillator Atrial Flutter 85

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 10, 2022

While this ECG is negative for “posterior STEMI”, the resolution of anterior ST depression (accompanied by the troponin elevation) confirms posterior OMI with spontaneous reperfusion. The second opportunity to make the diagnosis and expedite angiography was missed because the ECG never met STEMI criteria and continued to be labeled ‘normal.’

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STEMI Myocardial Infarction Chest Pain Angina 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 6, 2019

If it is STEMI, it would have to be RBBB with STEMI. Only 5-18% of ED patients with chest pain have a myocardial infarction of any kind. The patient presented with chest pain. Here is the ECG: What do you think? I frankly did not know what to think. Is it Brugada pattern? But in a very unusual pattern. Only 1-5% have OMI.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain STEMI Ischemia Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 21, 2024

The ECG shows obvious STEMI(+) OMI due to probable proximal LAD occlusion. Troponin T peaked at 38,398 ng/L ( = a very large myocardial infarction, but not massive-- thanks to the pre-PCI spontaneous reperfusion, and rapid internvention!! ). The below ECG was recorded. Inotropic medication was continued.

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Arrhythmia Cardiogenic Shock Bradycardia Defibrillator 113

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 19, 2023

Angiogram: Culprit for the patient's inferior ECG changes and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction is a 100% acute thrombotic occlusion of the proximal RCA. The patient was diagnosed with a"Non-STEMI." Here is the main learning point: The infarct was due to an occluded artery (Occlusion MI, OMI).

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain STEMI Myocardial Infarction Document 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 13, 2020

Here is the ED ECG on arrival: Less STE/STD Provider's Clinical Impression: "findings concerning for myocardial infarction, likely proximal LAD or Left main." The artery is open, but flow is insufficient to perfuse the entire myocardial thickness (subendocardial AND subepicardial). NTG drip started. Pain better still.

Echocardiogram 52

Echocardiogram Ischemia Chest Pain Blog 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 30, 2022

Such cases are classified as MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructed Coronary Arteries). STEMI MINOCA versus NSTEMI MINOCA STEMI occurs in the presence of transmural ischaemia due to transient or persistent complete occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. It can only be seen by IVUS.

Plaque 52

Plaque Chest Pain Thrombosis Stenosis 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 3, 2023

The ECG was read as "No STEMI" and the patient was treated like an average chest pain patient (despite the fact that a chest pain patient with active pain and active subendocardial ischemia is very high risk). A New ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction equivalent pattern? Academic Emergency Medicine 27(S1): S220; May 2020.

Chest Pain 87

Chest Pain Cardiogenic Shock Ischemia Myocardial Infarction 87

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 6, 2024

The ECG is diagnostic of occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI). It definitely does not fulfill STEMI criteria, and I would argue that it would not lead to cath lab activation in most centers. The overall read is OMI with HIGH confidence. == Below is the ECG of Patient #2 — as interpreted by the QOH.

Chest Pain 84

Chest Pain Ischemia Pericarditis Tachycardia 84

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 27, 2023

I knew that, if the patient had presented with chest discomfort, that this ECG is diagnostic of inferior posterior OMI, even though it is not a STEMI. Unusual and puzzling, as there was a large focal acute MI) Final Diagnosis: Acute MI, Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain Ischemia Myocardial Infarction Blog 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 8, 2022

There is clearly sufficient STE for STEMI criteria in leads V2 and aVL, but lead I has less than 1.0 mm of STE - thus, technically this ECG does not meet STEMI criteria, although it is a quite obvious OMI. This ECG was immediatel y discussed with the on-call cardiologist who said the ECG was "concerning but not a STEMI."

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain SCAD STEMI Blog 52

EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 21, 2022

His father and brother both died of myocardial infarction at ages 61 and 45, respectively. STEMI was activated and the patient went to Cath on arrival. New insights into the use of the 12 Lead Electrocardiogram for diagnosing Acute Myocardial Infarction in the emergency department. 2] Aslanger, E., 3] deWinter, R.

Ischemia 52

Ischemia Myocardial Infarction Blog Coronary Angiogram 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 22, 2022

The HEART and EDACS scores are helpful to risk stratify patients with chest pain, but they hinge on accurate ECG interpretation: a low score doesn’t apply if the ECG shows STEMI(+)OMI, and shouldn’t be used for STEMI(-)OMI or OMI reperfusion either 2. Am J Emerg Med 2020 3. Shin YS, Ahn S, Kim YJ. Bracey A, Meyers HP, Smith SW.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain Ischemia Myocardial Infarction Angina 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 2, 2021

Practice putting the probe on the chest of someone with an obvious STEMI(+) OMI in order to look for regional wall motion abnormalities. In this study, Smith and others show that the initial high sensitivity troponin is often below the 99th percentile in true STEMI (+) OMI (and sometime even below a very low threshold). [1] Gray, A.,

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain Ultrasound STEMI Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 21, 2022

V5-V6) of any amplitude, is specific for Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (vs. OMI that are not STEMI can be very subtle and difficult to diagnose even though the findings are very specific. Posterior infarctions often ( though not always ) result in an increase in R wave amplitude in anterior leads.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain Blog Ischemia STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 13, 2020

Alternatively , it is someone who has an old myocardial infarction and is now very sick with something else. Dyspnea, Right Bundle Branch block, and ST elevation Here are two more cases where the differential diagnosis is acute OMI vs. LV aneurysm: Is this acute STEMI? Below is my response. There is sinus tach. LV Aneurysm?

Tachycardia 52

Tachycardia AFIB Cardiogenic Shock Myocardial Infarction 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 6, 2023

Here is the repeat ECG at 52 minutes after arrival to triage: Obvious posterolateral STEMI Angiographic findings: 1. page 1932 • “The application of STEMI ECG criteria on a standard 12-lead ECG alone will miss a significant minority of patients who have acute coronary occlusion. (21) Left main: no significant stenosis.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain STEMI Stenosis Blog 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 25, 2023

See our publication: ST depression in lead aVL differentiates inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction from pericarditis There is STE in inferior leads, high lateral leads, and V4-V6. Smith and Meyers to diagnose both obvious (STEMI) and subtle OMI. And there is ST depression in V2 and V3, all but diagnostic of posterior OMI.

Chest Pain 52

Chest Pain Pericarditis Blog Cardiomyopathy 52