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A previously healthy 53 yo woman was transferred to a receiving hospital in cardiogenicshock. Here was the ECG: There is sinus tachycardia. Referring to Figure-1 — this 53-year old woman who presented in extremis with cardiogenicshock and an initial pH = 6.9, This was sent by a reader. and K was normal.
Figure B At this point, with the ECG changing from diffuse ST depression to widespread ST elevation and the patient presenting in cardiogenicshock, left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is the likely diagnosis. And then, 15 minutes later in today's case — this patient was in cardiogenicshock.
The patient in today’s case presented in cardiogenicshock from proximal LAD occlusion, in conjunction with a subtotally stenosed LMCA. This progressed to electrical storm , with incessant PolyMorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ( PMVT ) and recurrent episodes of Ventricular Fibrillation ( VFib ). RCA — 100% proximal occlussion.
There is sinus tachycardia at ~100/minute. As often emphasized by Dr. Smith — sinus tachycardia is not a common finding with acute OMI unless something else is going on (ie, cardiogenicshock ). In today's case — the sinus tachycardia may have been a harbinger of this patient's ultimate demise.
We can see enough to make out that the rhythm is sinus tachycardia. Tachycardia is unusual for OMI, unless the patient is in cardiogenicshock (or getting close). The September 27, 2019 post — for the Rowlands & Moore article with the above-noted formulas for recognizing the “culprit” extremity.
Assessment was severe sudden cardiogenicshock. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality. Clinically — the patient was felt to be in cardiogenicshock.
Am J Med 2019, 132(5):622-630. An elderly man with sudden cardiogenicshock, diffuse ST depressions, and STE in aVR Literature 1. Now there is a paper published in 2019 that proves the point beyond doubt, though makes it clear that this pattern is associated with very high mortality. J Electrocardiol 2013;46:240-8 2.
Tachycardia (or nearly) 2. Tachycardia, = 1.8. Finally , they found these independent predictors of PE: Note that tachycardia only has an Odds ratio of 1.8. Tachycardia is unusual in ACS unless there is cardiogenicshock or a second simultaneous pathology. Poor R-wave progression 4. Domed T-wave inversion 5.
Why is the patient in shock? He was in profound cardiogenicshock. Both of these features make inferior + RV MI by far the most likely ( Pseudoanteroseptal MI is another name for this ) There is also sinus bradycardia and t he patient is in shock with hypotension. There is an obvious inferior STEMI, but what else?
It is a wide complex regular tachycardia at a rate of 120. Is it ventricular tachycardia? I fear that many learners would also not easily recognize where the QRS actually ends, and I fear that some may think that this is ventricular tachycardia due to inability to distinguish QRS from ST segment. The ST Elevation is NOT typical.
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