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My written interpretation on a tracing such as this one would read, "Marked LVH and 'strain' and/or ischemia — with need for clinical correlation." BOTTOM LINE: ECG changes of LV "strain" and/or ischemia that we see on today's initial ECG — were not present 9 years earlier. WPW Cardiac arrhythmias ( including AFib ).
ACUTE MI (I allowed Acute MI to be in the report because I knew there would be an elevated troponin from ischemia, which is the definition of acute MI -- but in this case it would most likely be a Type 2 MI from tachycardia) There is also LA-RA lead reversal. The rhythm is rapid AFib. Atrial fib may cause Occlusion mimic."
My Comment , by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 7/5/2018 ): This blog post provides an excellent example of how a patient with SSS ( = S ick S inus S yndrome ) may present. Many patients have a T achy- B rady syndrome in which tachyarrhythmias ( most commonly rapid AFib ) alternate with periods of bradycardia. second in duration.
. = My Comment by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 3/15 /2023 ): = I found today’s case highly instructive in highlighting a number of important aspects regarding the presentation and initial treatment of a patient who presents to the ED with new AFib. I focus my comment on a few additional aspects regarding new AFib.
His response: “subendocardial ischemia. Smith : It should be noted that, in subendocardial ischemia, in contrast to OMI, absence of wall motion abnormality is common. With the history of Afib, CTA abdomen was ordered to r/o mesenteric ischemia vs ischemic colitis vs small bowel obstruction. Anything more on history?
The unique " shape " of the prominent ST-T wave abnormalities in this tracing — that are much more suggestive of some significant form of LVH ( L eft V entricular H ypertophy ) rather than ischemia. WPW Cardiac arrhythmias ( including AFib ). Voltage for LVH ( the R wave in lead aVL easily surpassing 12 mm ).
The ECG shows sinus tachycardia with RBBB and LAFB, without clear additional superimposed signs of ischemia. Other Arrhythmias ( PACs, PVCs, AFib, Bradycardia and AV conduction disorders — potentially lethal VT/VFib ). Chest trauma was suspected on initial exam. Here is his initial ECG around 1330: What do you think?
Here is her post-cardioversion ECG: ECG#2 - Immediately post cardioversion: Appropriate ST depression maximal in V5-6 and lead II, secondary to subendocardial ischemia, likely residual from the preceding tachycardia. Patient was referred to electrophysiologic testing due to suspicion of afib and WPW. She was sedated and cardioverted.
These include ( among others ) — acute febrile illness — variations in autonomic tone — hypothermia — ischemia-infarction — malignant arrhythmias — cardiac arrest — and especially Hyperkalemia. Other Arrhythmias ( PACs, PVCs, AFib, Bradycardia and AV conduction disorders — potentially lethal VT/VFib ).
In some cases the ischemia can be seen "through" the flutter waves, whereas in other cases the arrhythmia must be terminated before the ischemia can be clearly distinguished. First , there can simply be diffuse ST depressions (which obligates reciprocal STE in aVR) associated with tachycardia which are not indicative of ischemia.
When I was shown this ECG, I said it looks like such widespread ischemia that is might be a left main occlusion, or LM ischemia plus circumflex occlusion (high lateral and posterior OMI). There is STE in aVR. Thus, there is high lateral OMI with diffuse ST depression. Moreover, left main occlusion often presents near death.
The QRS is wide in B — but the rhythm is irregularly irregular with no sinus P waves — so this most probably represents rapid AFib with an atypical RBBB/LPHB morphology. We now see that QRS morphology in lead II during sinus rhythm is similar to the QRS morphology in lead II during rapid AFib (beats #1-5 in lead II in A).
Is This a Simple Right Bundle Branch Block? == MY Comment , by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 1/26/2020 ): == Dr. Smiths ECG Blog has presented too-numerous-to-count cases of hyperkalemia ( See My Comment in the 12/11/2018 post there are many others! ). large boxes, but then decreases and remains slightly irregular ).
Compared to TTE from 7/3/24: the anterior regional wall motion abnormality is new and is consistent with ischemia/infarction in the LAD territory == MY Comment , by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 11/20 /2024 ): == There are several insightful aspects of today's case. The January 30, 2018 post — for PTA. The March 17, 2023 post — for PTA.
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