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Edits by Meyers and Smith A man in his 70s with PMH of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, CVA, dual-chamber Medtronic pacemaker, presented to the ED for evaluation of acute chest pain. American Heart Journal 170(6):1255-1264; December 2015. EKG shown here: LAFB with no clear signs of OMI or ischemia.
Learning Points: Ectopic atrial rhythm can produce atrial repolarization findings that can be confused for acute ischemia, STEMI, or OMI. If you can safely and easily increase the patient's heart rate, you can convert the patient to sinus and repeat the ECG to see if the atrial repolarization wave was the cause of the concern for ischemia.
Evidence of acute ischemia (may be subtle) vii. Negative predictors of adverse outcome: Pacemaker Pre-syncope or "near-syncope," but there is still some small risk (5, 18) These last two are identified in studies, but I consider them dangerous signs and symptoms in their own right, as above: 10. Left BBB vi. Pathologic Q-waves viii.
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