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Cardiac arrest: even after the angiogram, the diagnosis is not always clear

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

STE limited to aVR is due to diffuse subendocardial ischemia, but what of STE in both aVR and V1? The additional ST Elevation in V1 is not usually seen with diffuse subendocardial ischemia, and suggests that something else, like STEMI from LAD occlusion, could be present. Was this: 1) ACS with ischemia and spontaneous reperfusion?

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Target Acquired

EMS 12-Lead

He reported a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy with coronary stent placement approximately 10 years prior, but could not recall the specific artery involved. A 99% LAD occlusion was stented. BP 110/67 HR 68 RR 14 (non-labored) SpO2 95 RA Physical exam revealed slight pallor and diaphoresis. Attached is the first ECG.

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A 50-something with 5 hours of typical chest pain and Left Bundle Branch Block

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Chest pain with New LBBB: It helps to actually measure the ST/S ratio A Fascinating Demonstration of ST/S Ratio in LBBB and Resolving LAD Ischemia The cath lab was activated. It was opened and stented. This was formerly an indication for cath lab activation, but was abandoned in the 2013 guidelines because of poor specificity.

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Occlusion/reperfusion through 6 ‘normal’ ECGs

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Delayed angiogram found a 95% mid RCA occlusion that was stented. Ischemic ST-segment depression maximal in V1-V4 (versus V5-V6) of any amplitude is specific for Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (versus nonocclusive ischemia). Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013 Khan AR et al. JAHA 2022 Grosmaitre P et al.

STEMI 40
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How does Acute Total Left Main Coronary occlusion present on the ECG?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

Post by Smith and Meyers Sam Ghali ( [link] ) just asked me (Smith): "Steve, do left main coronary artery *occlusions* (actual ones with transmural ischemia) have ST Depression or ST Elevation in aVR?" That said, complete LM occlusion would be expected to have subepicardial ischemia (STE) in these myocardial territories: STE vector 1.

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A man in his 70s with acute chest pain and paced rhythm.

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

So the patient was taken for emergent cath, showing: Culprit artery: LAD (100% stenosis, TIMI 0) requiring thrombectomy and stent. EKG shown here: LAFB with no clear signs of OMI or ischemia. Queen of Hearts interpretation: Now the cardiologist considered it "STEMI"! No labs were performed. EKG and CT head were performed.

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Patient is informed of her husband's death: is it OMI or it stress cardiomyopathy?

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

After stent deployment, we often see improvement in the ST-T within seconds or minutes. Here is the final angiogram following placement of a stent in the ostial RCA. 2:04 PM, post stent deployment You can see that even after complete restoration of flow, the ECG still looks terrible, V most of all. SanzRuiz, R., Solis, J., &