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At about this point in the process — I like to take a closer LOOK at the 12-lead tracing, to ensure there is no acute ischemia or infarction that might need immediate attention. C ASE C onclusion : I lack detailed follow-up from today's case — other than knowing that the Atrial Tachycardia was controlled.
Here was his initial ED ECG: There is sinus tachycardia at a rate of about 140 There is profound ST Elevation across all precordial leads, as well as I and aVL. I said I think there is a fixed stenosis in the LAD and the tachycardia and stress caused a type 2 STEMI.
DISCUSSION: The 12-lead EKG EMS initially obtained for this patient showed severe ischemia, with profound "infero-lateral" ST depression and reciprocal ST elevation in lead aVR. The ECG cannot diagnose the etiology of ischemia; it only the presence of ischemia, from whatever etiology.
Instead, antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone or ß-blockers may be needed — and/or treatment targeted to correcting ischemia. Although IV Mg++ is also indicated as initial treatment of PMVT with a normal QT — it is clearly less likely to respond to IV Mg++, than when the QT interval is prolonged.
IMPRESSION: Given the presence of a wide tachycardia — with 2 distinct QRS morphologies, and no sign of P waves — a presumed diagnosis of B i D irectional Ventricular Tachycardia has to be made. Acute myocardial ischemia. Multifocal vs Polymorphic VT — September 23, 2011 post from Dr. S. Cardiac Sarcoidosis.
This progressed to electrical storm , with incessant PolyMorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ( PMVT ) and recurrent episodes of Ventricular Fibrillation ( VFib ). There is no definite evidence of acute ischemia. (ie, Some residual ischemia in the infarct border might still be present.
There was never ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT), no shockable rhythm. Here is a similar case: Collapse, Ventricular Tachycardia, Cardioverted, Comatose on Arrival. Agitation, Confusion, and Unusual Wide Complex Tachycardia. There is sinus tachycardia at ~115/minute.
During observation in the ED the patient had multiple self-terminating runs of Non-Sustained monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT). That said there were no clinical symptoms or ECG findings suggestive of ongoing ischemia. This patient very likely has some form of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.
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